Chapter 4.1

Question 1

population

Answer 1

every individual in the group

Question 2

census

Answer 2

data on every individual in the population

Question 3

sample survey

Answer 3

a survey given to a sample (small group) of the population

Question 4

sample

Answer 4

a small group of individuals from the population

Question 5

inference

Answer 5

process of drawing conclusions about the population based on sample data

Question 6

convenience sample

Answer 6

taking a sample of the individuals who are easiest to reach

Question 7

voluntary response sample

Answer 7

individuals choose to opt in to the survey

Question 8

bias

Answer 8

a study flaw, systematic flaw, that leads to consistently unrepresentative data (over or underestimation)

Question 9

random sampling

Answer 9

uses chance to select a sample

Question 10

simple random sample (SRS)

Answer 10

every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Question 11

stratified random sample

Answer 11

a random individual is selected from each strata and is surveyed to make up the sample

Question 12

strata

Answer 12

groups of individuals that are similar

Question 13

cluster random sample

Answer 13

a cluster is randomly selected then every individual in that cluster is surveyed (sample=cluster)

Question 14

cluster

Answer 14

groups of diverse individuals that represent the population

Question 15

undercoverage bias

Answer 15

when some individuals in the population do not have a chance of being selected for the sample

Question 16

nonresponse bias

Answer 16

when an individual chosen for a sample cannot be reached or refuses to respond

Question 17

question wording bias

Answer 17

when survey questions are confusing or leading

Question 18

self-reported response bias

Answer 18

when individuals inaccurately report their own traits