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Python > Chapter 1:Into To Computers And Programming > Flashcards

Chapter 1:Into To Computers And Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What is a program?

A

A program is a set of instructions that are executed by a computer system to perform a specific task.

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2
Q

What is hardware?

A

Hardware refers to all physical devices or components a computer system is made up of.

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3
Q

What are the 5 major components of a computer system ?

A
  1. Input devices
  2. Output Devices
  3. The central processing unit (cpu)
  4. Main memery(RAM)
  5. Secondary Storage Devices
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4
Q

What part of the computer runs programs?

A

The CPU of the computer actuallyruns the programs.

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5
Q

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

A

The main memory or RAM serves as a work area to store the program and its instructions while the progam is running.

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6
Q

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

A

The Secondary storage devices of a computer system hold the data for long periods of time even there is no power to the computer.

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7
Q

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

A

Input devices of a computer are used to collect the data from the people and other devices.

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8
Q

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

A

Output devices are the part of the computer system that are used to present and format the data to the user or to the other devices.

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9
Q

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?

A

The fundamental set of programs that control the internal operations of the computers’ hardware is known as an operating system.

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10
Q

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

A

A program that performs a certain task is known as a Utility Program.

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11
Q

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

A

Application Software

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12
Q

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

A

One Byte (8 bits)

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13
Q

What do you call a tiny “switch” that can be set to either on or off?

A

Bit

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14
Q

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

A

binary system

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15
Q

What is the purpose of ASCII?

A

American standard code for infomation interchange

ASCII is one of the coding schemes develped to store the characters in the memory.

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16
Q

What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the languages in the world?

A

Unicode encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many lanuages in the world.

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17
Q

What do the terms “digital data” and “digital device” mean?

A

Digital data-The data that is stored in a system in its binary form is known as digital data.

Digital device-the device that works with the digital data is known as digital devices such a computer system that stores all dtat in the binary form.(Ex. CD player Mp3 player)

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18
Q

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

A

machine lanuage

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19
Q

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

A

Into the main memory(RAM)

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20
Q

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

A

It follows the fetch-decode-execute cycle.

  • Fetch the instruction that is being executed are read from the main memory to CPU
  • Decode the instruction is decoded to know which operation is to be executed
  • Execute the decoded instruction is executed on the requaired data sets.

the cycle us repeated for each instruction that is present in the desired program.

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21
Q

What is assembly language?

A

its whereas the executing cpu is not able to understand it at all.

22
Q

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

A

low level lanuage

23
Q

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?

A

These set of rules are called syntax

24
Q

What do you call a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?

A

An interpreter

25
Q

A(n) __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

A

program

26
Q

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as __________.

A

hardware

27
Q

The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________.

A

CPU

28
Q

Today, CPUs are small chips known as __________.

A

microprocessors

29
Q

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________.

A

main memory

30
Q

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

A

RAM

31
Q

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called __________.

A

. secondary storage

32
Q

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called __________.

A

an input device

33
Q

A video display is a(n) __________ device.

A

output device

34
Q

A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number

A

byte

35
Q

A byte is made up of eight __________.

A

bits

36
Q

In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

A

binary

37
Q

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________.

A

0

38
Q

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________.

A

ASCII

39
Q

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is __________.

A

Unicode

40
Q

Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

A

two’s complement

41
Q

Real numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

A

floating point

42
Q

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________.

A

pixels

43
Q

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see __________.

A

a stream of binary numbers

44
Q

In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

A

decode

45
Q

Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________.

A

machine language

46
Q

The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

A

assembler

47
Q

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________.

A

key words

48
Q

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________.

A

. syntax

49
Q

A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

A

compiler

50
Q

how would you print ‘Hello world”?

A

print(‘Hello World’)

Python (2 decks)

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