Chapter 1 Chem study guide

Question 1

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

Answer 1

accuracy

Question 2

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

What is the freezing and boiling point of celcius?

Answer 3

unit of temperature; water freezes at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C on this scale

Question 4

change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

Answer 4

chemical change

Question 5

behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

Answer 5

chemical property

Question 6

pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

Answer 6

compound

Question 7

(also, factor-label method) versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

Answer 7

dimensional analysis

Question 8

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

Answer 8

element

Question 9

number derived by counting or by definition

Answer 9

exact number

Question 10

property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

Answer 10

extensive

Question 11

state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

Answer 11

gas

Question 12

combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

Answer 12

heterogeneous mixture

Question 13

(also, solution) combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

Answer 13

homogeneous mixture

Question 14

tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Answer 14

hypothesis

Question 15

property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

Answer 15

intensive property

Question 16

statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

Answer 16

law

Question 17

when matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

Answer 17

law of conservation of matter

Question 18

realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

Answer 18

macroscopic domain

Question 19

fundamental property indicating amount of matter

Answer 19

mass

Question 20

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 20

matter

Question 21

realm of things that are much too small to be sensed directly

Answer 21

microscopic domain

Question 22

matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

Answer 22

mixture

Question 23

bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Answer 23

molecule

Question 24

change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

Answer 24

physical change

Question 25

how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

Answer 25

precision

Question 26

state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

Answer 26

solid

Question 27

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

Answer 27

symbolic domain

Question 28

intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

Answer 28

temperature

Question 29

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

Answer 29

theory

Question 30

True or false; mass is the same on earth and moon weight is different

Answer 30

true

Question 31

10^3

Answer 31

kilo

Question 32

1000g is how many kilograms

Answer 32

1

Question 33

10^-2

Answer 33

centi

Question 34

0.01 grams is how many centigrams

Answer 34

1

Question 35

10^-3

Answer 35

milli

Question 36

10^6

Answer 36

mega

Question 37

True or false: when recording measurments you are allowed to estimate one uncertain digit

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Do exact numbers change the number of sig figs

Answer 38

no

Question 39

equation for volume

Answer 39

v=m/d

Question 40

equation for density

Answer 40

d=m/v

Question 41

equation for mass

Answer 41

m=d(v)

Question 42

What is the equation of an irregular solid?

Answer 42

mass of rebar/ (final volume-initial volume)= mL

Question 43

Boiling point of Celcius

Answer 43

100 degrees

Question 44

boiling of farenhiet

Answer 44

212 degrees

Question 45

who developed a postulate that said elements consist of only one type of atom

Answer 45

dalton

Question 46

who said that all atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different types of atom.

Answer 46

dalton

Question 47

who said that atoms are neither created nor destroyed, they just rearrange to make different type of matter?

Answer 47

dalton

Question 48

Who determined charge-to-mass ratio?

Answer 48

Thompson

Question 49

Who proposed cathode rays, which were a stream of negativley charged particles?

Answer 49

thompson

Question 50

which model showed that atoms consited of positvley charged mass with negatively charged electrons embedded in that mass?

Answer 50

the plum pudding model

Question 51

Who determined the charge on a single electron by examining the motion of oil droplets?

Answer 51

R.A. milkan

Question 52

which experiment lead to discovering the charge of an electron

Answer 52

the oil drop experiement

Question 53

Who discovered x-rays

Answer 53

Wilhem rontgen

Question 54

True or false: x rays were not deflected by magnetic fields or electric fields so they could not consist of charged particles

Answer 54

true

Question 55

Rays that consist of positively charged particles

Answer 55

alpha

Question 56

Who discovered radioactivity

Answer 56

Antoine Henri Becqueri

Question 57

Rays that consist of negatively charged particles so they are deflected from negatively charged plate

Answer 57

beta rays

Question 58

Rays that have no charge and are unaffected by external electric or magnetic fields.

Answer 58

gamma rays

Question 59

who discovered the atomic nucleus

Answer 59

rutherford

Question 60

Who discovered that the atomic nucleus was positively charged?

Answer 60

ruthorford

Question 61

In what experiment were alpha particles were fired at golf foil, some were reflected and some passed through.

Answer 61

rutherford’s gold scattering experiment

Question 62

What did the gold scattering experiment lead to ?

Answer 62

The discovery that atom is mostly empty space and that the nucleus is a small positively charged center of the atom

Question 63

what is the formula for speed

Answer 63

speed = distance/ time

Question 64

what is the formula for time

Answer 64

time = distance/ speed

Question 65

what is the formula for distance

Answer 65

distance = time * speed

Question 66

A canister of breathing air contains what?

air is made up of 99% oxygen and nitrogen

Answer 66

a mixture of mostly elements

Question 67

A 2.0 liter volume of hydrogen gas combined with 1.0 liter of oxygen gass to produce 2.0 liters of water vapor. Does oxygen undergo a chemical or physical change?

Answer 67

chemical change; because the substance was not the same as the start

Question 68

which of the following properties are intensive?
* volume
* temperature
* humidity
* heat
* boiling point

Answer 68

temperature and boiling point are intensive

Question 69

What is 711.0 as scientific notation

Answer 69

7.110 x 10^2

Question 70

What is 6282 times 342 to the correct number of sig figs if each is a measured value?

Answer 70

2,150,000

Question 71

what is 140+17.68+0.014 to the correct number of sig figs if each is a measured value?

Answer 71

160

Question 72

What is the volume of a 3.28g gaseous hydrogen that has a density of 0.0890 g/L

Answer 72

36.9 liters

Question 73

what states that no change of mass in an ordinary chemical reaction occurs

l

Answer 73

law of conservation of matter

Question 74

matter can neither be created nor destoryed

Answer 74

law of conservation of matter

Question 75

states that all samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass.

Answer 75

Law of definite proportions or constant composition

Question 76

States that in situations where 2 elements form more thatn one compound a fixed mass of one element will react with mases of the otehr element in a ration of small, whole number.

2 elements combine in different ratios to give you completley different

Answer 76

law of multiple proportions

Question 77

What accounts for most of atoms mass but very little of its volume?

Answer 77

nucleus

Question 78

Is a protons mass greater or less than electron mass

Answer 78

greater, 1800 times greater

Question 79

Are neutrons larger or smaller than protosn

Answer 79

slightly larger

Question 80

who discoverd neutrons

Answer 80

james chadwick

Question 81

what accounts for most of the atoms volume?

Answer 81

electron cloud

Question 82

What determines charge of an atom?

Answer 82

protons + electrons = atomic charge

Question 83

what determines the mass of an atom?

Answer 83

protons + neutrons

Question 84

the number of protons in the nuclues

Answer 84

atomic number

Question 85

what determines the identity of an element

Answer 85

protons

Question 86

the total number of protons and neutrons

Answer 86

mass number

Question 87

what has the same atomic number but different mass numbers?

Answer 87

isotopes

Question 88

true or false: most elements have 2 or more isotopes

Answer 88

true

Question 89

What is the nuclear charge?

Answer 89

charge of protons

Question 90

An atom that does not have the same number of protons and electrons

Answer 90

ion

Question 91

is an ion a charged particle .

Answer 91

yes

Question 92

positively charged atom that looses electrons

Answer 92

cation

Question 93

negatively charged atom that gains electrons

Answer 93

anion

Question 94

how do you find the number of neutrons in an element

Answer 94

the mass number - atomic number

Question 95

the mass of an atom (amu)

Answer 95

atomic mass

Question 96

How to find the percent of an isotope in an equation?

Answer 96

(x)(amu) + (1.00 - x)(amu 2)

Question 97

what is the representation of a molecule and indicates the actual number of atoms in a molecule or compoud?

Answer 97

molecular formula

Question 98

what shows the same information as molecular formula by also shows how atoms are connected?

Answer 98

structural formula

Question 99

what indicated the simplest whole number ratio of the number of atoms in a compound?

NH2

Answer 99

empirical formula

Question 100

the amount of substance that contains atoms or molecules

Answer 100

mole

Question 101

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula?

Answer 101

isomers

Question 102

Why was the mole created

Answer 102

to help convert grams to amu

Question 103

mass in grams of one mole of the substance

Answer 103

molar mass

Question 104

what is the label for molar mass

Answer 104

g/mole

Question 105

amu is also equivalent to what?

Answer 105

molar mass or amu

Question 106

What is the equation for converting grams and moles

Answer 106

grams = (grams per mole) / number of moles (always one)

Question 107

A college claims that compounds X an Y are the same compound. Compound X is found to have 1.776 g of C and 0.148 g of H. Compound Y has 1.974 g of C and 0.329 g of H. Are they the same compound?

• Yes
• There is not enough info
• No, they violate the law of constant composition
• No, they violate the law of variable proportions

Answer 107

No, they violate constant compositon because they don’t contain the same proportions of the same elements.

Question 108

How many protons are in Oxygen-17

Answer 108

8 because there are 8 protons in oxygen

Question 109

What is the mass of 6.00 cm3 of mercury, density = 13.5939 g/cm3?

Answer 109

81.6 g

Question 110

Solve these problems about lumber dimensions.
(a) To describe to a European how houses are constructed in the US, the dimensions of “two-by-four” lumber must be converted into metric units. The thickness × width × length dimensions are 1.50 in. × 3.50 in. × 8.00 ft in the US. What are the dimensions in cm × cm × m?

Answer 110

3.81 cm × 8.89 cm ×
2.44 m;

Question 111

As an instructor is preparing for an experiment, he requires 225 g phosphoric acid. The only container readily available is a 150-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Is it large enough to contain the acid, whose density is 1.83 g/mL?

Answer 111

Yes, the acid’s volume is 123 mL.

Question 112

Which of the following activities is not a part of good science?
* - Making quantitative observations
* - Developing a hypothesis
* - Proposing a theory
* - Indulging in speculation
* - Designing experiments

Answer 112

indulging in speculation

Question 113

Which of the following cannot be separated into a simpler substance by chemical means?

Element
Heterogeneous mixture
Emulsion
Homogeneous mixture
Compound

Answer 113

Element

Question 114

Which of the following is an extensive property of oxygen?
* Boiling point
* Density
* Temperature
* Mass
* Average kinetic energy of molecules

Answer 114

Mass

Question 115

What is the SI Unit for mass?

Answer 115

Kg

Question 116

50.0 grams of acetic acid are required for an experiment. What volume, in milliliters, of a 1.105 g/cm3 acetic acid solution must be measured for the experiment?

Answer 116

45.2mL

Question 117

Radio waves travel at the speed of light which is 3.00 × 108
m/s. How many kilometers will radio messages to outer space travel in exactly one year? (365.24 days = 1 y)

Answer 117

9.47 × 10^12 km

Question 118

How many micrograms are in 65.3 kg?

answer in scientific notation

Answer 118

6.53 × 1010 μg

Question 119

Isopropyl alcohol, commonly known as rubbing alcohol, boils at 82.4°C. What is the boiling point in kelvins?

Answer 119

355.6 K

Question 120

Which of the following does not have a uniform composition throughout?

Heterogeneous mixture
Element
Compound
Homogeneous mixture

Answer 120

Heterogeneous mixture

Question 121

Which of the following is a chemical change?

Boiling of water
Melting wax
Condensing water vapor into rainfall
Carving a piece of wood
Broiling a steak on a grill

Answer 121

broiling steak on a grill

Question 122

The city of Los Angeles is now approximately 2400 miles south of Alaska. It is moving slowly northward as the San Andreas fault slides along. If Los Angeles is to arrive near Anchorage, Alaska, in 76 million years, at what average rate will it have to move in mm per month? (1 mi = 1609 m)

Answer 122

4.2 mm/mo

Question 123

Which of the following speeds is the greatest? (1 mi = 1609 m)
Incorrect answer:
* 40 km/h
* 40 mi/h
* 400 m/min
* 0.74 km/min
* 2.0 × 105 mm/min

Answer 123

40 mi/h

Question 124

Which of the following is an example of an observation?

Three samples of wax are heated to 75°C.
Will all waxes melt at the same temperature?
Gases expand as their temperature increases because the gas molecules are moving more rapidly.
The force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
Paraffin wax begins to melt at 57°C.

Answer 124

Paraffin wax begins to melt at 57°C.

Question 125

You prepare 1000. mL of tea and transfer it to a 1.00 quart pitcher for storage. Which of the following statements is true? (1 L = 1.0567 qt)**

The pitcher will be filled to about 50% of its capacity.
The pitcher will be filled to 100% of its capacity with no tea spilled.
The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow.
The pitcher will be filled to about 95% of its capacity.
The pitcher will be completely filled and most of the tea will overflow.
*

Answer 125

The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow.

Question 126

The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 240,000 miles. Express this distance
in meters. (1 mi = 1609 m)

Answer 126

3.9 × 108 m

Question 127

A large pizza has a diameter of 15 inches. Express this diameter in centimeters. (1 in = 2.54 cm)

Answer 127

38 cm

Question 128

Which one of the following is a “substance” in the sense of the word as used in your textbook?

Toothpaste
Air
Water
Sea water
Tap water

Answer 128

WATER

Question 129

If you have a graduated cylinder containing 15.5 mL and this volume changes to 95.2 mL after a metal with a mass of 7.95 g is dropped into the graduated cylinder then what is the density of this metal?

Answer 129

9.97 × 10^–2 g/mL

Question 130

Talc is a mineral that has low conductivity for heat and electricity and that is not attacked by acid. It is used in talcum powder and face powder. A sample of talc weighs 35.97 g in air and 13.65 g in mineral oil (d = 1.75 g/cm3 ). What is the density of talc?

Answer 130

4.61 g/cm3

Question 131

Rutherford’s experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that

Answer 131

protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.

Question 132

Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?

Answer 132

Ernest Rutherford

Question 133

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that consists of positively charged particles and is deflected away from the positively charged plate?

Answer 133

α rays ( alpha)

Question 134

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha (α) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms?

Answer 134

total mass of the atom

Question 135

What is the name used to represent the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element and is equal to the number of electrons outside the nucleus?

Answer 135

atomic number

Question 136

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons
The neutron’s mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Answer 136

A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 137

Calcium fluoride, CaF2, is a source of fluorine and is used to fluoridate drinking water. Calculate its formula mass.

Answer 137

78.08 g/mol

Question 138

how do you find moles?

Answer 138

moles = grams/ g per mole

Question 139

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that consists of electrons and is deflected away from the negatively charged plate?

Answer 139

β rays (beta)

Question 140

When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he measure?

Answer 140

charge to mass ratio

Question 141

What is the percent sodium in sodium carbonate?

Answer 141

43.4%

Question 142

how to find percent of element in a compound?

Answer 142

mass percent = (total mass of compound / total element mass ) x 100

Question 143

Rutherford’s experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established what about protons?

Answer 143

protons are not evenly distrubted through atom

Question 144

As the number of protons increases, stable nuclei will

Answer 144

have an increased ratio of neutrons to protons.

Question 145

Two isotopes of an element differ only in their

Answer 145

atomic mass

Question 146

Aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is used as a filler for paints and varnishes as well as in the manufacture of electrical insulators. Calculate the number of moles in 47.51 g of Al2O3.

Answer 146

0.4660 mol

Question 147

How many grams are present in 0.885 moles of manganese?

Answer 147

48.6 g

Question 148

Calculate the mass of 3.00 moles of CF2Cl2

Answer 148

363 g

Question 149

Which field of study made a big contribution toward understanding the composition of the atom?

Answer 149

radiation

Question 150

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation which has no charge and are unaffected by external electric or magnetic fields?

Answer 150

γ rays (gamma)

Question 151

What is the average mass, in grams, of one atom of iron (NA = 6.022 × 10^23 mol–1)?

Answer 151

9.27 × 10^–23 g