Chapter 1 and 3.1

Question 1

Quantitative data

Answer 1

numerical, makes sense to find an average

Question 2

Categorical data

Answer 2

categories or groups with labels, doesn’t make sense to find an average

Question 3

Mean

Answer 3

measure of center, average, use for symmetrical data

Question 4

Median

Answer 4

measure of center, middle value (n+1/2=middle position), use for skewed data and/or outliers

Question 5

Range

Answer 5

measure of spread, maximum minus minimum

Question 6

Interquartile range (IQR)

Answer 6

measure of spread, range of middle 50% of data, Q3-Q1

Question 7

Standard deviation

Answer 7

measure of spread, mean distance from the mean

Question 8

Outliers

Answer 8

Data values that are unusually low or high, Q3+1.5IQR or
Q1-1.5IQR

Question 9

CSOCS

Answer 9

Context, shape (symmetrical/ skew/mode), outliers, center, spread, address all of these points when asked about the distribution of a data set

Question 10

Explanatory variable

Answer 10

independent or x-variable, variable that when changed impacts the other

Question 11

Response variable

Answer 11

dependent or y-variable, depends on the other-both change

Question 12

Positive correlation

Answer 12

as x increases, y increases

Question 13

Negative correlation

Answer 13

as x increases, y decreases

Question 14

CDOFS

Answer 14

Context, direction (+/-), outliers, form (linear/nonlinear), strength (strong/moderate/weak), use to describe dot plots (variation of CSOCS)

Question 15

Correlation coefficient (r)

Answer 15

r close to 0=weak correlation
r close to 1=strong correlation
positive r=positive correlation
negative r=negative correlation

Question 16

Individuals

Answer 16

the objects/people described by a data set

Question 17

Variables

Answer 17

characteristics of individuals

Question 18

Distribution

Answer 18

values of a variable and their frequencies, pattern of variation

Question 19

Displaying numerical data

Answer 19

Dot plot, stem plot, histogram

Question 20

Displaying categorical data

Answer 20

Frequency table (counts), relative frequency table (%), pie charts, bar graphs

Question 21

Misleading graphs may…

Answer 21

have a scale that doesn’t start at zero, use pictures with width instead of simple bars

Question 22

Marginal distribution

Answer 22

distribution of a single variable for all individuals, totals/percentages of groups for one variable, do not address relationships between variables

Question 23

Conditional distribution

Answer 23

the value of a variable given individuals have a certain value of another variable (*given), two sets (column and row variables), can be used to compare relationships between variables

Question 24

Association

Answer 24

knowing the value of one variable helps to predict the value of the other variable