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GCSE Geography > Challenges Of An Urbanising World > Flashcards

Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
The growth of urban areas and mega cities

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2
Q

What is rural-urban migration?

A

The movement of people from rural to urban areas

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3
Q

What is primacy?

A

When the capital city completely dominates life in the country (economically, politically, demographically)

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4
Q

What are informal settlements?

A

Also known as slums or favelas
Illegal, unregistered and unregulated areas of housing

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5
Q

What is the informal sector?

A

Unregistered, often illegal jobs done by unemployed migrants desperate for income

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6
Q

What is the primary sector?

A

The economic activity which extracts raw resources

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7
Q

What is the secondary sector?

A

The economic activity which brings together the raw products to manufacture them

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8
Q

What is the tertiary sector?

A

The economic activity which sells the products produced in the primary and secondary sectors

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9
Q

What is the quaternary sector?

A

The economic activity which focuses on knowledge-based industries, relying on people rather than the raw materials

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10
Q

What challenges does Lagos face?

A

80% of residents are employed in the informal sector
Over 60% live in informal settlements, such as Aginkale
Rate of migrants
Lack of education

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11
Q

What is a maquiladora?

A

Mexican factories owned by foreign countries USA) for cheap labour

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12
Q

What are the advantages of the Maquiladoras for Tijuana and its residents?

A

Lower unemployment and higher wages compared to the rest of Mexico

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13
Q

What are the advantages of the Maquiladoras for the American companies?

A

Cheap labour close to the border

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14
Q

What is NAFTA and how does it help the US companies?

A

Allows materials to be moved between US and Mexico without tariffs

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15
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities (urban areas)

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16
Q

What is industrialisation?

A

When a country moves from an agricultural means of production to a manufacturing means of production

17
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

The outward growth of urban development to expand

18
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The uncontrolled growth of towns and cities spreading and taking over the country side

19
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

The decline of a country’s manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, competition, or loss of markets

20
Q

What is counter-urbanisation?

A

The movement of people from urban areas into rural areas

21
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The way the world has become more interconnected

22
Q

What is HafenCity, Hamburg?

A

Largest urban redevelopment project in Europe - 2.2km squared
Repurposed traditional buildings to be a hub for quaternary and quinary sectors.
TNCs and HQs for German companies, and universities for finance and management

23
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Upgrading or improving areas of the city that have been in decline

24
Q

What is redevelopment?

A

Rebuilding parts of the city, often older buildings and sites

25
Q

What is rebranding?

A

Improving the image of a place

26
Q

What is the Clark-Fisher Model and what does it tell us?

A

A model that shows how countries move through pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial times.
It tells us that as employment increases, primary and secondary activities decline, and tertiary and quaternary activities increase

27
Q

Which key processes are relevant to the current state of Lagos?

A

Urbanisation
Decentralisation

28
Q

Which key processes are relevant to the current state of Tijuana?

A

Suburbanisation
Urbanisation
Secondary sector

29
Q

Which key processes are relevant to the current state of Detroit?

A

Deindustrialisation
Depopulation
Counter-urbanisation
Decline

30
Q

Which key processes are relevant to the current state of Hamburg?

A

Quinary and quaternary sectors
Re-urbanisation
Regeneration
Renewal

GCSE Geography (4 decks)

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