Cell Structure And Microscopy: Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, includes all bacterial cells
Eukaryotes: have a nucleus, have membrane-bound organelles, includes all animal and plant cells
Define prokaryote:
A single-cells organism without a nucleus and without membrane-bound organelles
Define eukaryote:
They have membranes around many complex organelles. These often have a specific function and are part of multicellular organisms.
What are the small rings of DNA called in prokaryotes? What do they do?
Plasmids code for very specific features such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids can be shared between bacteria to pass on resistance which can be passed on through binary fission.
State all structures that are always present in a prokaryotes:
- Cell-Surface Membrane
- Circular DNA
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosome
- Cell Wall
State all additional structures that can be present in a prokaryote with a brief explanation of each!
- Pili is for attachment for other cells involved in sexual reproduction
- Plasmids are small circles of DNA, several can be present
- Capsule adds additional protection
- Mesosome is associated with DNA
- Infolding of plasma membrane may form photosynthetic membrane or carry out nitrogen fixation
- Flagella is for locomotion and is a simple structure
Size of Prokaryotes:
0.1 - 10 micrometers
Size of Eukaryotes:
10 - 100 micrometers
Type of DNA within a prokaryote:
Plasmids and circular DNA
Type of DNA in eukaryotes:
In the nucleus, chromatin holds it
Size of Ribosomes in Prokaryotes:
70S
Size of Ribosomes in Prokaryotes:
70S
Size of Ribosomes in Eukaryotes:
80S
What is the Cell wall made of in prokaryotes?
Peptidoglycan aka murein
What is the cell wall made of in eukaryotes?
Is made of B-Cellulose (in plants). Is made of chitin in fungi
