Carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards
what is a carboxylic acid? functional group?
-COOH (C=O and C-OH)
How do you name carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
are carboxylic acids soluble in water? why?
Yes. acid groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
what are the intermolecular forces carboxylic acids?
Hydrogen bonds in solid state- very strong
what are esters(what are they formed from)? Functional group, general formula?
Formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
RCOOR’
How do you name esters?
start with group that has replaced the hydrogen, then acid part
what physical properties do esters have?
Volatile, pleasant fruity smells
what are some uses of esters?
Flavourings, perfumes(both for longer chains)
solvents(short chain), plasticisers
what are some common natural esters?
Fats and oils
how could you distinguish carboxylic acids from other -OH containing compounds?
add sodium hydrogen carbonate, acids will produce sodium salts, water and carbon dioxide
what catalyst is needed for the formation of esters from alcohols and carboxylic acids?
concentrated strong acid( sulfuric acid)
what catalyst is needed for the hydrolysis of esters?
Dilute strong acid(sulfuric acid)
which alcohol forms the esters that make up animal and vegetable oils?
Glycerol/ propane-1,2,3-triol
what are the products of hydrolysing fats and oils?
propane-1,2,3-triol and sodium salts of the acids that make up the ester
