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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

Radius of atom

A

0.1nm

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3
Q

Subatomic particles in atom nucleus

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
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4
Q

Radius of nucleus of atom

A

1 x 10⁻¹⁴ m

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5
Q

Size of atom nucleus to radius of atom

A

1/10000

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6
Q

Charge of nucleus of atom

A

Positive

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7
Q

Where is mass concentrated in atom

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where are electrons in atom

A

Orbiting nucleus on shells

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9
Q

Charge of proton

A

+1

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10
Q

Relative mass of proton

A

1

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11
Q

Charge of electron

A

-1

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12
Q

Relative mass of electron

A

Very small

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13
Q

Charge of neutron

A

0

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14
Q

Relative mass of neutron

A

1

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15
Q

Charge of an atom

A

Neutral

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16
Q

Why is charge of atom neutral

A

Same of number of protons and electrons, their charges cancel out

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17
Q

What does atomic number tell you

A

Number of protons in an atom

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18
Q

What does mass number tell you about an atom

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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19
Q

How to find number of neutrons in an atom

A

Atomic mass — atomic number

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20
Q

Element

A

Substance made up of one type of atom

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21
Q

What decides what type of atom it is

A

Number of protons

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22
Q

How many elements are there

A

About 100

23
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

24
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

Average mass of an element, taking into account different masses and abundances of all isotopes that make up an element

25
Q

Relative atomic mass formula

A

sum of (isotope abundance X isotope mass number)
—————————————————
sum of abundances of all isotopes

26
Q

Compound

A

Substances formed from 2 or more elements with the atoms in fixed proportions throughout the compound, held together by chemical bonds

27
Q

How are compounds made

A

Elements reacting together

28
Q

How are compounds separated into elements

A

chemical reactions

29
Q

How are bonds made

A

Giving away, taking or sharing electrons

30
Q

Ion

A

Compound made of a metal and a non-metal

31
Q

What happens to metal atoms in atomic bonding

A
  • lose electrons
  • form positive ions
32
Q

What happens to non-metal atoms in atomic bonding

A
  • gain electrons
  • form negative ions
33
Q

What does a compound formed of non-metals consist of

A
  • molecules
  • each atom covalently bonds to another
34
Q

Mixture

A

Substance made from two or more elements or compounds that aren’t chemically bonded

35
Q

How are mixtures separated

A

Physical methods

36
Q

What are the physical methods

A
  • filtration
  • crystallisation
  • simple distillation
  • fractional distillation
  • chromotography
37
Q

Air

A

Mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon, easily separated

38
Q

Crude oil

A

Mixture of different length carbon molecules

39
Q

Properties of a mixture

A

Mixture of properties of separate parts

40
Q

Paper chromatography practical

A
  • draw baseline in insoluble pencil near the bottom of the paper
  • add ink spot to line and place paper in solvent, not touching ink
  • place lid on container to stop evaporation
  • solvent seeps up paper
  • dyes move up paper at different rates, seperating
  • if dyes are insoluble they stay on baseline
  • taken paper out of beaker to dry
  • have a chromatogram
41
Q

When is filtration used

A
  • to separate an in insoluble solid from a mixture
  • purification
42
Q

Filtration

A
  • fold filter paper into cone and place in funnel
  • place funnel in conical flask
  • pour solution through
  • substrate filters through, residue left in filter paper
43
Q

Methods of separating soluble solids from solutions

A
  • evaporation
  • crystallisation
44
Q

How to separate through evapouration

A
  • pour solution into evaporation dish on tripod
  • slowly heat using Bunsen burner
  • solvent will evaporate, solution will get more concentrated, crystals will form
  • keeping heating until only dry crystals remain
45
Q

How to separate through crystallisation

A
  • pour solution into evaporating dish and gently heat
  • as solvent evaporates, solution’s concentration increases
  • remove dish from heat, leave to cool
  • salt forms crystals as it becomes insoluble in cold, highly concentrated solution
  • filter solutions and leave to dry
46
Q

Rock salt

A

Mixture of salt and sand

47
Q

How to separate rock salt

A

Filtration

48
Q

Why can rock salt be filtered

A

Salt dissolves in water and sand doesn’t

49
Q

What does distillation separate

A

Mixtures containing liquids

50
Q

Types of distillation

A
  • simple
  • fractional
51
Q

What does simple distillation separate

A

Liquid from a solution

52
Q

Simple distillation practical

A
  • solution is heated in conical flask with thermometer and bung
  • part of solution with lowest boiling point evaporates
  • vapour turns back into liquid in condenser as it is cooled by water
  • distilled liquid goes in beaker
  • rest of solution left is flask
53
Q

When is fractional distillation used

A

In a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points

54
Q

Fractional distillation practical

A
  • put mixture in conical flask with fractioning column filled with glass rods
  • liquid with lowest boiling point evaporates first
  • when thermometer reaches that temp, liquid reaches top of column
  • column cooler towards top, other liquids won’t get all the way up column
  • when first liquid collected, raise temp until next reaches the top

Chemistry (9 decks)

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