Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Biology Yr 10 > Flashcards

Biology Yr 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Parts of an animal cell

A

•nucleus
•cytoplasm
•cell membrane
•mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of a plant cell

A

•cell wall
•nucleus
•chloroplast
•cytoplasm
•vacuole
•cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of nucleus?

A

Contains DNA, controls the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of mitochondria?

A

Site of aurobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of chloroplast?

A

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of vacuole?

A

Space filled with liquid sap which stores nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of cell membrane?

A

Controls which substances enter and exit the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of cell wall?

A

Supports the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to set up a cheek cell slide?

A
  1. Get a cotton bud and rub it against the inside of your cheek for about a minute
  2. Rub the cotton bud on the slide to get the cheek cells on it
  3. Put a small drop of blue stain where you rubbed the cotton bud to make the cells visible under the microscope
  4. Put another slide on top of the blue stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of a light microscope

A

•magnifies up to 400x
•can view dead and live samples
•uses rays of light to magnify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of an electron microscope

A

•can magnify up to 1,000,000x
•can only view dead samples
•uses beams of electrons to magnify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Formula to find the magnification of an image?

A

Magnification = image size/actual size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is diffusion a passive or active process?

A

Passive (doesn’t need energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water through the semi permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is osmosis a passive or active process?

A

Passive (doesn’t need energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is used as an artificial semi permeable membrane?

A

Visking tubing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to animal and plant cells in distilled water?

A

They swell (and animal cells burst) because the water has a higher concentration of water than the cells so the water goes into the cells via osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to animal and plant cells in a concentrated salt solution?

A

They shrink (and animal cells shrivel) because the salt solution has a lower concentration of water than the cells so the water goes from the cells to the salt solution via osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Formula to find the percentage of change in mass?

A

% change = change in mass/initial mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of larger molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration using ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is ATP?

A

The energy used for active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is active transport a passive or active process?

A

Active (needs energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Carbohydrate function

A

Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Protein function

A

Growth and repair of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fat function

A

Energy store and insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Maintain healthy tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Iron function

A

Carries oxygen in red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Calcium function

A

Healthy bones and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fibre function

A

Provides bulk in the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Water function

A

Keeps the body hydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What can too much sugar lead to?

A

•obesity which can lead to heart disease
•type 2 diabetes
•tooth decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What can too much fat lead to?

A

•obesity which can lead to heart disease
•heart disease
•circulatory diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What can too much salt lead to?

A

High blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What formula is used to find the energy (J) per gram of a food?

A

Energy (J) = (rise in temperature x volume of water x 4.2) / mass of food (g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What equipment is used to find the accurate value of energy for food packaging?

A

Bourb calorimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the large insoluble food molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What do carbohydrates get broken down into and which enzyme breaks it down?

A

Glucose by carbohydrase/amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What do proteins get broken down into and which enzyme breaks them down?

A

Amino acids by protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What do fats get broken down into and which enzyme breaks them down?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol by lipase

42
Q

What gets broken down in the mouth?

A

Starch

43
Q

What gets broken down in the stomach

A

Protein

44
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Produces protease, lipase and carbohydrase and absorbs soluble molecules

•bile is released but not produced here

45
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water

46
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile

47
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores bile

48
Q

What does bile do?

A

Breaks fat into small soluble droplets and neutralises acidic contents

49
Q

How to test for starch?

A

Add iodine solution and see if it goes from orange to blue-black

50
Q

How to test for protein?

A

Add Biurets solution and see if it goes from blue to lilac

51
Q

How to test for glucose?

A

Add Benedict’s solution and place in boiling water, see if it goes cloudy and changes from blue to green/orange/brick red depending on amount of glucose

52
Q

Downside of Visking tubing

A

It’s a non living tissue

53
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Control all chemical reactions that occur in cells

54
Q

How do enzymes break down food?

A

They increase the rate of reaction in the food

55
Q

What is the place where the substrate fits in an enzyme called?

A

The active site

56
Q

What’s it called when the substrate is in the active site?

A

The enzyme-substrate complex

57
Q

What factors affect enzyme activity?

A

•temperature
•pH level

58
Q

What happens to an enzyme when it’s in high temperature or an incorrect pH level

A

It becomes denatured

59
Q

What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured?

A

The active site changes shape so the substrate no longer fits

60
Q

Parts of the respiratory system

A

•larynx
•trachea
•alveoli
•bronchioles
•intercostal muscles
•ribs
•bronchi
•lungs
•heart
•diaphragm

61
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm goes down/flattens
  2. Intercostal muscles contract
  3. Ribs move up and out
  4. Volume of thorax increases which means lower pressure
  5. Air is drawn in
62
Q

What happens during expiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm goes up
  2. Intercostal muscles relax
  3. Ribs move down and in
  4. Volume of thorax decrease meaning pressure increases
  5. Air is forced out
63
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Traps dust and bacteria when you breathe in

64
Q

What produces mucus?

A

The lining of the respiratory system

65
Q

What do cilia do?

A

Move the mucus out of the lungs

66
Q

What is cilia?

A

Hairs on the cells lining the trachea and bronchi

67
Q

What paralyses cilia and what is the effects of this?

A

Inhalation of smoke causes paralysis of cilia
Causes mucus and trapped particles to sink into the lungs and causes
•irritation
•damage to the lung tissue
•lungs to clog up

68
Q

What is smoking 2 major causes of?

A

Lung cancer and emphysema

69
Q

How does smoking cause cancer?

A

Tobacco contains at least 80 different cancer causing chemicals which spread around your body and cause mutations in cells leading to tumours

70
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, destruction of the alveoli walls which reduces the surface area for gas exchange.
Causes extreme shortage of breath and a persistent cough.

71
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice and has two different circuits

72
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

73
Q

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

A

•outer layer of tissue
•muscular middle
•smooth inner layer of epithelial cells

74
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart?

A

Veins

75
Q

What are the 3 layers of a vein?

A

•outer layer of (thin) tissue
•muscular middle
•smooth inner layer of epithelial cells

76
Q

What do valves in the veins do?

A

Prevent back flow of blood

77
Q

What do the capillaries do?

A

•Allow oxygenated blood to enter organs and tissues via diffusion
•where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs
•carries the waste blood to the veins

78
Q

Why are capillaries 1 cell thick?

A

To make diffusion more efficient

79
Q

What is the liquid portion of the blood?

A

Plasma

80
Q

What do red blood cells contain and not contain?

A

Contains haemoglobin and doesn’t have a nucleus

81
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Fight against diseases and produce antibodies

82
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen

83
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Help the blood to clot at wounds

84
Q

What is the name of the main artery which takes blood form the heart to the body?

A

Aorta

85
Q

How is the pulmonary artery different to any other artery in the body?

A

It’s the only one that carries de-oxygenated blood

86
Q

What are the 4 chambers in the heart?

A

Left and right atrium (top)
Left and right ventricle (bottom)

87
Q

Word formula for aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water

88
Q

Word formula for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose -> water + lactic acid

89
Q

Word formula for plant respiration

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

90
Q

How to get rid of lactic acid?

A

Taking in more oxygen to oxygenise the lactic acid

91
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

When your oxygen use is greater than your oxygen intake

92
Q

How does the body pay off oxygen debt?

A

The heart beats faster and you breathe in deeper

93
Q

Spongy mesophyll function

A

Large air spaces allowing gases to diffuse

94
Q

Cuticle function

A

Transparent protective layer of cells

95
Q

Stomata function

A

Holes that allow gases in and out

96
Q

Guard cells function

A

Cause the stomata to open and close

97
Q

Epidermis function

A

Waxy layer preventing water loss

98
Q

Veins function in plants

A

Tubes that carry water, minerals and glucose

99
Q

Palisade cells function

A

Cells that contain a lot of chloroplasts

100
Q

3 ways glucose is used in a plant

A

•converted to fructose (for fruit)
•used in respiration to release energy
•joined together to make starch for storage
•combined with nitrates from the soil to make proteins for new growth
•joined together to make cellulose for cell walls
•converted to fats and oils for seeds

Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions