Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physics_Paper_2 > Waves And Magnets > Flashcards

Waves And Magnets Flashcards

(122 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What happens when a wave passes from one medium into another?

A

It can be refracted and change direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does refracted mean?

A

Where a wave meets a boundary between 2 different materials and changes direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a medium?

A

An object or substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the direction of refraction depend on?

A

♡Angle at which the wave hits the boundary
♡The materials involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For light rays, the way in which a material affects refraction is called…?

A

The refractive index (measure of the extent to which light is refracted by a material)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define refractive index?

A

Measure of the extent to which light is refracted by a material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when light passes from air into glass?

A

The velocity of light decreases (slows down) causing the direction of the waves to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When waves slow down (usually when entering the object) what happens to the wave?

A

It bends towards the normal (right angle) and pass through the block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to waves when they pass from the glass block back to the air?

A

Their velocity (speed) increases and bends away from the normal, making the object appear to have shifted position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a wave enters or leaves the object/medium at right angles to the surface (along the normal) what happens to the waves direction?

A

It doesn’t change direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When a wave slows down, is it refracted towards or away from the normal?

A

TOWARDS THE NORMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When a wave speeds up, is it refracted away or towards the normal?

A

Refracted away from the normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of wave are electromagnetic waves (EM)?

A

Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the same for all the EM waves?

A

All travel at the same velocity (speed of light) in air or in a vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the two ends of the EM spectrum show?

A

EM spectrum extends from low frequency and low energy waves to high frequency and high energy waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What light can human eyes detect?

A

Only capable of detecting visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The human eye can only detect visible light, what does this mean in terms of detecting EM waves?

A

Human eye can only detect a very limited range of EM waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many types of EM waves are there?

A

7 types:
●Radio waves
●Microwaves
●Infared waves
●Visible light
●Ultraviolet waves
●X-rays
●Gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when we pass white light through a prism?

A

Splits into a spectrum (seven colours of the rainbow 🌈 )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Starting with red all the way to violet, what is the frequency and wavelength of each end?

A

Red end of spectrum=lower frequency,longer wavelength
Violet end of spectrum=higher frequency, shorter wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does each colour of light have?

A

Different frequency and wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the sentencd to remember the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Raw Meat Is Very Unsanitary eXcept Giraffe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The EM spectrum starts from radio waves to gamma rays at the end, what happens to the frequency and wavelength?

A

●Frequency increases from radio waves to gamma rays
●Wavelength decreases from radio waves to gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do scientists say about the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

It is a continous spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Scientists call the electromagnetic spectrum a continous spectrum, what does this mean?
The cut-off point between one type of a wave and another is not always clear
26
All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, what is the speed?
300 million / 3x10^8 m/s (Meteres per second)
27
Where are radiowaves used?
Television, radio, bluetooth
28
Where are microwaves used?
Satellite communications and to cook food
29
What are the uses of infrared?
Electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared heaters
30
Where is visible light used?
Fibre optic communications
31
Where is ultraviolet waves (UV) used?
Energy efficient light bulbs and sunbeds
32
Uses of x-rays?
Medical imaging and treatment
33
Gamma ray uses?
Tumour treatment and sterilising food
34
What does changes in atoms and in the nucleus of atoms cause?
Can result in EM waves being generated or absorbed
35
What does the risk of damage from EM waves depend on?
Risk of damage from EM waves depends on TYPE OF RADIATION AND AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE
36
Give an example of where changes in atoms causes EM waves to be generated?
●Electrins moving between energy levels as a result of heat or electrical excitation generates waves such as infrared waves, visible light, UV waves, X-Rays
37
What do ultraviolet waves, x-rays and gamma rays do to the body?
If they carry enough energy they can have a hazardous effect on the human body
38
How do UV waves damage the bod?
UV waves cause skin to age prematurely and increase the risk of cancer
39
How do x-rays and gamma rays damage the body?
X-rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation, damage cells by ionising atoms if absorbed by nucleus of cell it can cause gene mutations and cancer
40
What is 'visible light'?
Electromagnetic waves that can be detected by the human eye
41
What happens when light is incident on (arrives and hits)?
An object can be reflected, absorbed or trsansmitted
42
What is specular reflection?
When an object is reflected by a smooth surface in a single direction (a mirror)
43
What type of reflection is this... Reflection by a smooth surface in a single direction?
Specular reflection
44
Give an object that uses specular reflection?
A mirror
45
What is diffuse reflection?
Reflection from a rough surface where light is scattered
46
What type of reflection is this... Reflection from a rough surface where the light is scattered?
Diffuse reflection
47
What does transparent mean in terms of light?
Light rays transmit coherently (don't get jumbled up) so objects on other side can be seen clearly
48
What does a transparent object do to light rays?
Transmits light coherently (light rays don't get jumbled up) so objects on other side can be seen clearly
49
Is the object through something transparent clear or clouded?
Clear
50
What does a translucent object do to light rays?
Scatters the light rays
51
What sort of image does a translucent object create?
An image which you can't see clearly
52
Does a translucent object transmit light?
Yes, but rays are scattered so objects can't be seen clearly through them
53
What does an opaque object do to light rays?
Reflects or absorbs all light incident (light that hits a surface) so no light passes through them
54
How much light passes through an opaque object?
None
55
Define the word light incident?
Light that hits a surface
56
What happens when the colour of the colour filter is the same colour as the object?
Object appears it's true colour
57
What colour does a red or blue striped object appear through a red filter?
Red and black as filter only allows red light through
58
A red filter shows the colours of an object to be red and black, what actual colours are the object?
Red or blue stripped
59
What happens to the colour of red or blue stripped objects when they pass through a green filter?
Appear black, green filter doesn't allow red or blue to pass through
60
An object appears black through green filter paper, what is the actual colour of the object?
Red or blue stripped
61
What are bodies in physics?
Objects
62
Do all bodies(objects) emit and absorb infrared radiation?
Yes
63
What does the rate an object emit radiation depend on?
Surface of object and the temp
64
How fast does a hot body (object) emit radiation?
Hotter the body, faster it emits infrared radiation
65
What does a perfect black body do?
°absorbs all infrared radiation incident on it °doesn't transmit or reflect any infrared radiation
66
What sort of body absorbs all infrared radiation incident on it?
Perfect black body
67
What sort of body doesn't reflect ot transmit any infrared radiation?
Perfect black body
68
How does a colour filter work?
Filters(blocks) out some colours while letting othdr through
69
Does a colour filter produce a colour effect when viewing coloured objects?
NO - this is a common mistake made !!!
70
What does the temperature of a body (object) determine?
The Rate it emits radiation The wavelength of the radiation
71
What happens to radiation when temperature of a black body increases?
As temp increases the amount of radiation an object emits (at all wavelengths) increases
72
Does the radiation intensity of a shorter wavelength increase slower of faster than a longer wavelength?
Faster
73
The coals in a barbecue glow red, burning magnesium is bright white, what does this show about temp?
Magnesium burns at a higher temp
74
What are Matt black surfaces best emitters and absorbers of?
Infrared radiation
75
What type of surfaces absorbs and emits infrared radiation thd best?
Matt black surfaces
76
What wavelength does a very hot object emit?
Shorter wavelength radition
77
What does the rate an object emits radiation depend on?
The surface and its temperature
78
Why do very hot objects produce visible light?
Very hot objects emit shorter wavelength radiation
79
Very hot objects emit shorter wavelength radiation, what does this result in?
Visible light
80
Is a good emmiter a good black body?
Yes
81
Infrared emission from most to lowest?
Matt black Shiny black White Shiny metallic
82
What happens to infrared when it hits a Shiny metallic surface?
Tends to be reflected
83
What material is the best emitter and absorber of infrared?
Matt black surfaces
84
What are the two types of poles?
North and south
85
What is the attraction between the poles?
☆Like poles repel ☆Unlike poles attract
86
Where is the force the strongest on a magnet?
At the poles
87
Define magnetic field?
Region around a magnet where a force acts on another magnet
88
What does the magnetic fields strength depend on?
Srength depends on distance from magnet
89
What are the two types of magnets that produce a magnetic field?
Permanent magnet Induced magnet
90
What is a permanent magnet?
Produces its own magnetic field
91
What is an induced magnet?
Becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field
92
What happens to induced magnets when they are removed from their magnetic field?
They lose their magnetism very quickly
93
What is density of field lines called?
Flux density
94
What does flux density show?
Strength of magnetic field at that point
95
If magnetic lines are closer what does this mean?
The closer the lines the higher the flux density
96
What does a high flux density mean?
The higher the flux density the stronger the field and the greater the force the other magnet would feel
97
What is a magnetic compass?
Contains a small bar magnetic and has a compass needle that aligns with the earth's magnetic field
98
What does a magnetic compass provide evidence of?
That the earth's core is magnetic
99
What do we use magnetic compasses to plot?
The field around a magnet
100
What are the first 3 steps to plot the field around a magnetic bar?
1-place the bar magnet on paper 2-place compass at one end of magnet 3-on the paper mark where the point of the needle compass is
101
What are the last 3 stages of plotting the field around a bar magnet?
4-move the compass so the tail if the needle is at the point you just marked 5-mark the new point 6-repeat until full field is plotted
102
What happens when a current flows in a conducting wire?
A magnetic field is produced around the wire
103
What do the direction of field lines depend on?
Direction of current, can be found using the right hand grip method
104
What is the right hand grip method?
☆Grip the wire with your right hand, thumb points in direction of current ☆Fingers curled around wire show the direction of the field lines
105
How do we know the direction of the current using the right hand grip method?
The thumb points in the direction of the current
106
How do we know the direction of the magnetic field using the right hand grip method?
Fingers curled around the wire point to the direction of magnetic field
107
What does the strength of a magnetic field depend on?
Depends on size of thd current and distance from wire
108
When is a solenoid formed?
When a wire is looped into a cyndrical coil
109
What does shaping wire into a solenoid do?
Increases the magnetic field strength
110
What increases the solenoid magnetic field even more?
When an iron core is added, creates an electromagnet
111
What does a solenoid convert electrical energy into?
Mechanical energy
112
How does a solenoid increase the magnetic field?
•Concentrates longer piece of wire into a small area •Looped shape means magnetic field lines are all in the same direction
113
How can the north pole of a solenoid be found?
By using the right hand grip method
114
How do the right hand grip method show the current of a solenoid?
~Hold solenoid in right hand, fingers will follow the direction of current
115
How does the right hand grip method show the north pole of a solenoid?
Thumb points to the direction of the north pole when holding it
116
Many devices use electromagnets, what is an electromagnet?
A magnet consisting of an iron or steel core wound with a coil of wire, through which a current is passed
117
How does an electric bell work (electromagnetic device)?
1~switch is pushed,electromagnet is magnetised 2~electromagnetic attracts the armature 3~hammer strikes the gong and breaks the circuit 4~armature springs back,completing the circuit again and remagnestising the electromagnet
118
How do we use a compass to detect a current?
Current is off, compass needle lines up with the earth's magnetic field. Current on the compass needle deflects=shows there is a magnetic field
119
What does it mean if the compass needle deflects when using it to detect a current?
Current is on so there is a magnetic field
120
When we turn on the current of a solenoid, what sort of magnetic field is produced?
A strong and uniform magnetic field is produced inside the solenoid
121
Why are electromagnets very useful?
As we can change the strength of the magnetic field by changing the current and we can turn it on or off
122
What are the 3 ways you can increase the strength of the magnetic field produced by a solenoid?
▪︎Increase size of current ▪︎Number of coil turns ▪︎Iron core

Physics_Paper_2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions