Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
A structure formed from various tissues that performs a specific function in an organism
organ
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created
cell
What is the Respiratory System’s main function?
transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and removing carbon dioxide from the body’s cells
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Alveoli
Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic muscular, nervous
Organ Sytems
exchanging the gas oxygen with the gas carbon dioxide in the lungs is called
ventilation
The process of bringing oxygen into the lungs is known as
breathing
What do type II alveolar cells release and what is its function?
a lipoprotein called surfactant, which reduces the surface tension
What type of alveolar cells make up the alveolar wall?
type I
True or False: The right lung is larger than the left lung
True
Name the lobes of the right lung
superior, middle, and inferior
Name the lobes of the left lung
superior and inferior
a fluid filled, tough, protective double membrane containing a lung
pleura
Small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange
capillaries
During diffusion, oxygen in the lungs moves _____ the blood, and carbon dioxide in the blood moves _____ the lungs
into; into
The amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs during a normal breath is called
tidal volume
A small amount of air rich in carbon dioxide, called the “_____,” remains trapped in alveoli after expiration and mixes with the air rich in oxygen brought in through inspiration
residual volume
What part of the brain controls breathing rate and how does it do this?
medulla oblongata; monitors carbon dioxide levels and blood pH
If blood pH starts to decrease, then respiration rates will _____ to balance carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
increase
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing
asthma
The area between the two lungs
mediastinum
A noncellular entity that consists of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat
virus
The resulting redness, swelling, heat, and pain in an area of defense by innate immunity
inflammation
A condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues, and/or organs
disease
A system that protects the body from disease-causing agents known as pathogens by responding to substances on the surfaces of agents that the body perceives as foreign
Immune System
