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Philippine Amphibian and Reptiles > BDV113: Amphibians > Flashcards

BDV113: Amphibians Flashcards

1
Q

How many species of living amphibians are known?

A

8100

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2
Q

The order of frogs and toads

A

Anura/Salientia

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3
Q

Order of newts and salamanders

A

Caudata/Urodela

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4
Q

Order or caecilians

A

Gymnophiona/ Apoda

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5
Q

Which amphibians make up the group Lissamphibia?

A

frogs and toads (Anura)
newts and salamanders (Caudata)
caecilians (Gymnophiona)

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6
Q

wormlike animals with poorly developed eye

A

Caecilians

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7
Q

cold-blooded vertebrates made up of frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (wormlike animals with
poorly developed eyes).

A

Amphibians

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8
Q

Amphibian came from the Greek word ______________ meaning _____________

A

Amphibios
Double life

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9
Q

lack of embryonic membrane

A

Anamniotes

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10
Q

How many amphibian species in the Philippines?

A

117

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11
Q

What is the largest family?

A

Ceratobatrachidae

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12
Q

Philippine Endemic Frog

A

Philippine Flat- headed frog (Barbourula busuangensis)

Philippines Spiny Cinnamon Frog (Nyctixalus spinosus)

Philippine Pygmy Forest Frog (Platymantis pygmaeus)

Luzon Limestone frog (Platymantis biak)

Gliding tree Frog (Rhacophorus pardalis)

Mueller’s Toad (Ansonia muelleri)

Luzon wart frog (Fejervarya vittigera)

Dumeril’s wrinkled ground frog (Platymantis dorsalis)

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13
Q

What is the order and family of Limnonectes cassiopeia?

A

Anura: Dicroglossidae

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14
Q

Asian tailed caecilians belong to the family?

A

Ichthyophiidae

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15
Q

In the Philippines there are only three species of ichthyophids recorded belonging to one genera

A

Ichthyophis

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16
Q

Primary annuli of Icthyophis is divided by a secondary and tertiary?

A

groove

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17
Q

Specific name of Abungabung caecilian

A

Ichthyophis glandulosus

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18
Q

Specific name of Todaya caecilian

A

Ichthyophis mindanaoensis

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19
Q

Specific name of Malatgan river caecilian

A

Ichthyophis weberi

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20
Q

Formerly known as Discoglossidae, this family only has one representative species

A

Bombinatoridae

21
Q

What is the only representative species of Family Bombinatoridae

A

Barbourula busuangensis

22
Q

What is the very distinct character of Family Bombinatoridae?

A

entirely adherent tongue along its lower jaw margin

23
Q

Toads belong to the family?

A

Bufonidae

24
Q

Ichthyophids are characterized by the
presence of a?

A

distinct primary annuli

25
Q

Three species of Ichthyopis in the Philippines

A

Ichthyophis glandulosus
Ichthyophis mindanaoensis
Ichthyophis weberi

26
Q

It is a large, heavy-bodied, highly aquatic frog found in the fast-moving waters of mountain streams on the Philippine islands of Busuanga and Palawan.

  • Other characterizations are: dorsoventrally flattened body shape, dorsally placed nostrils and eyes, robust and muscular hind limbs and forelimbs, and webbed digits on the forelimbs as well as the hind limbs
A

Barbourula busuangensis (Palawan Flat Headed Frog)

27
Q

Toads belong to this family. They are characterized by having thick, warty skin and an enlarge glands in the back of its head called paratoid gland.

  • They tend to hop short to escape predators rather than long leaps like frogs.
  • Other characters shared within the family are the presence of the Bidder’s organ, absence of teeth, absence of posterior constrictor muscles, depressor mandibulae originating from squamosal, presence of inguinal fat bodies and highly ossified skull.
A

Family Bufonidae

28
Q

Toads belong to the family Bufonidae. They are characterized by having thick, warty skin and an enlarge glands in the back of its head called?

A

paratoid gland

29
Q

Species in Family Bufonidae

A

Ansonia mcgregori (McGregor’s Toad)
Ansonia muelleri (Mueller’s Toad)
Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Philippine Toad
Pelophryne albotaeniata (Palawan Toadlet)
Pelophryne brevipes (Zamboange flathead toad)
Pelophryne lighti (Eastern Mindanao Dwarf Toad)
Rhinella marina (Cane Toad)

30
Q
  • Forest frogs belong to this family.
  • They are generally undergo direct development, which is a unique adaptation to survive water scarcity of the young ones
A

Family Ceratobatrachidae

31
Q

How many members does family Ceratovatrachidae have?

A

31

32
Q
  • Frogs with forked tongue belongs to this family.
  • This family was previously placed under Family Ranidae, but genetic analysis showed that this group should be separated.
  • The family consists of 18 species in which 19 species in 5 genera are found in the Philippines.
A

Family Dicroglossidae

33
Q

Examples of species in Family Ceratobatrachidae

A

Platymantis corrugatus ( Rough-backed forest frog)

Platymantis diesmosi (Mt. Malinao forest frog)

Platymantis dorsalis (Dumeril’s wrinkled ground frog)

Platymantis rabori (Rabor’s forest frog)

Platymantis sierramadrensis (No data)

Platymantis spelaeus (Cave wrinkled ground frog)

Platymantis subterrestris ( Luzon wrinkled ground frog)

34
Q

Examples of species in Family Dicroglossidae

A

Alcalus mariae
Fejervarya moodiei (Crab-eating frog)
Fejervarya vittegera ( Luzon wart frog)

Limnonectes microcephalus (Giant Philippine Frog)

Limnonectes magnus (same sa babaw)

Limnonectes leytensis ( small disked frog)

35
Q
  • is a new family of frog in the Philippines, having only one member to occur, although in its native countries, members of the family are diverse.
A

Family Eleutherodactylidae

36
Q
  • The species was introduced, although in its native countries, member of this family is known as an invasive species, the ?
A

Eleutherodactylus planirostris

37
Q
  • Cryptic frogs or litter frogs belong to the Family __________________. Members of this family are nocturnal and walk instead of jump because of its poor ability to jump.
  • Morphological characters that are exhibited by this family are absence of ceratohyals in adults, presence of intervertebral cartilages with ossified centers, a paddle like tongue, arciferal pectoral girdle with long bony sternum, sacral diapophyses expanded anterior and posteriorly, absence of palatine but with palatal process in the area.
A

Megophryidae

38
Q

Morphological characters that are exhibited by this family are absence of __________________ in adults, presence of intervertebral cartilages with ossified centers, a paddle like tongue, arciferal pectoral girdle with long bony sternum, sacral diapophyses expanded anterior and posteriorly, absence of palatine but with palatal process in the area.

A

ceratohyals

39
Q

Species of Family Megophryidae

A

Megophrys ligayae (Palawan horned frog)
Pelobatrachus stejnegeri (No data)
Leptobrachium lumadorum
Leptobrachium tagbanorum

40
Q
  • The Family consists of narrow-mouthed frogs.
  • Morphological characters of members of this family exhibits fully exposed glottis in the buccal floor of larva, absence of cornified denticles in larva, nares are not perforated in larva, ventrally divided velum in larva and two to three palatal fold in adult individuals.
  • Adult individuals also share similar body plan like presence of stout hind legs, globose bodies which is teardrop shaped and a short snouts.
  • Reproductive biology of members of this family are varied.
  • Some exhibit direct development and indirect development where some larva does not have mouth parts.
A

Family Microhylidae

41
Q

Species of Family Microhylidae

A

Kaloula picta
Kaloula pulchra
Kaloula rigida
Kalophrynus sinensis
Kaloula baleata
Kaloula conjuncta

42
Q

*is the most widespread and one of the largest family of anurans which consist of true frogs.

  • They are usually medium to large in size, have smooth skin, and long legs with webbing between the toes.
  • Other members of this family exhibit dorsolateral folds or ridges. * There are no distinct characters that distinguish this family from other families which proves that this family is paraphyletic
A

Family Ranidae

43
Q

Species of Family Ranidae

A

Sanguirana tipanan
Staurois natator
Staurois nubilus
Lithobates catesbeianus
Pulchrana grandocula
Pulchrana mangyanum

44
Q
  • This family is closely related to the Family Ranidae but is differentiated by its webbed fingers and toes, large digital pads or disks on the tips of the fingers and being arboreal.
  • Another characteristic of members of this family is large eyes with horizontal pupils.
  • exhibit flashy coloration as a defense mechanism against predators.
  • Various reproductive strategies are adapted. * Examples of these strategies are usage of foam nest for egg laying, direct development and phytothelm breeding which means that tadpoles are laid in tree holes
A

Family Rhacophoridae

45
Q

This breeding means that tadpoles are laid in tree holes

A

Phytothelm

46
Q

Species of Family Rhacophoridae

A

Polypedates leucomystax
Polypedates macrotis
Rhacophorus bimaculatus
Philautus surdus
Philautus surrufus
Philautus worcesteri

47
Q
A
48
Q
A

Philippine Amphibian and Reptiles (4 decks)

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