4 - Emergence on the World Stage ('12-'20) -- WIP Flashcards

1
Q

Emergence - Interventionist Legislation/Events

A
  • Federal Farm Loan Act16 - Federal farm loan Board oversaw:
    • Federal land banks
    • Mortgage interest rates
    • Intervene in irresponsible loans
  • Federal Reserve Act13 - Introduced the Federal Reserve System to oversee monetary policy & to control inflation(/money supply)
    ___
  • Clayton Anti-Trust Act14 - expanded list of prohibited business practices to create a fairer market
  • Federal Trade Commission14 - Trade regulation; ruled out ‘Unfair Methods’ of trade competition
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2
Q

Emergence - Wilson’s Amendments

A
  • 16th Amendment ‘13 - Income Tax
  • 17th Amendment ‘13 - direct election of senators in each state
  • 18th Amendment ‘19 - Prohibition (loopholes)
  • 19th Amendment ‘20 - Women get the vote
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3
Q

Emergence - Economic Legislation/Events

A

Tax & tarrif reform
* Underwood Tariff Act13 - lowered avg. tariff rates from 40% to 27% & reintroduced a Federal Income tax
* Revenue Act16 - income tax only had to be paid by those with an income over $4k (4x industrial wage)
___
Banking reform
* Federal Reserve Act ‘13 - Introduced the Federal Reserve System to oversee monetary policy & to control inflation(/money supply)
___
Federal Trade Commission
* Federal Trade Commission14 - Trade regulation; ruled out ‘Unfair Methods’ of trade competition
* Under Wilson administered ~400 cease-and-desist orders, but some felt it was too weak

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4
Q

Emergence - Social Legislation/Events

A

Workers’ rights
* Child Labour Act16 - dealt w/ 2M under 16 workers w/ no education by banning the sale of products from factories that employed children, but ruled ‘Unconstitutional’
* Workmen’s compensation Act16 - offered financial assistance if absent due to illness or injury
* Adamson Act16 - Max of 8 hrs work for Railroad workers
___
Unsympathetic to Trade Unions
* Ludlow Coal strike ‘13 - srtikers were refused their demands and evicted from their homes, camped outside the company and the Colorado National Guard fireded on the tents, killing 26 people
* Wilson sent in the feeral troops to restore order & break up the strike

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5
Q

Emergence - AA Legislation/Events

A
  • Wilson appeased conservative Southern voters, but dissapointed Northern White & Black voters
    • The NAACP had initially backed him in ‘12
    • Segregationalists in charge of Federal Agencies, reinforcing segregation
    • Felt no further duty to AAs & supported Segregation
      ___
  • Shook hands with Tillman - a known supporter of Lynching
  • Didn’t prevent KKK resurgance in ‘15
    ___
  • The Great Migration beginning in ‘16 onwards - worsened racial tensions
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6
Q

Emergence - Wilson strengths & weaknesses

A

Strengths
* Banking reform; more centralised
* Workers rights
* Established the principle for Federal Regulation
___
Weaknesses
* Supported Segregation
* Unsympathetic to Trade Unions

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7
Q

Emergence - 1912 Election

A
  • Wilson won mainly due to TR & Taft pslitting the Republican vote:
    • Wilson 42%, TR 27%, Taft 23%, Debs 6%
    • TR considered Taft too conservative, & the Republican party was becoming more fractured between progressivism & conservatism
  • 59% of population voted
    ___
  • Wilson Campaign - NEW FREEDOM: individual & state rights, he was endorsed by Bryan & won less votes than he had, but still won
  • TR Campaign - NEW NATIONALISM: welfare state, minimum wage for women, social security system
  • Taft Campaign - Conservative, said TR was “running for his ego”
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8
Q

Emergence - Causes of Neutrality

A
  • Public Opinion
    • Prevailing mood against war & felt distant to the US
    • 14, 1.5k women marched in NYC against the war
    • Influential people - such as Secutary of State Bryan - prganised movements against it
  • Wilsonianism
    • Declaration of Neutrality14
    • Wilson wanted to mediate; US could be a peacemaker if neutral
    • He warned against taking sides
    • Guided by sense of Christian morality
      ___
      However, there were factors against Neutrality
  • Support for Allies
    • many of WIlson’s allies favoured the Allies & he felt a personal connection with Britain
  • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
    • Ended towards the start of the war once US threatened Germany with more intervention
    • With 8hrs notice in JAN ‘17, Germany resumed it
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9
Q

Emergence - Causes of entry into WWI

A
  • Resumption of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
  • German Activities within the US
  • Zimmerman Telegram
    *
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10
Q

Emergence - Effects of entry into WWI

A
  • Propoganda & Civil Liberties
  • War Production
  • Workers
  • AAs
    *
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11
Q

Emergence - Wilson Progressive?

A

Progressive aims he achieved
* Greater Suffrage - 19th Amendment
* More Intervention - established principle of federal regulation; 4 Amendments
* Anti-Corruption - Clayton Anti-trust Act ‘16 & Federal Trade Commission ‘14
* Labour Laws - Workmen’s Compensation Act ‘16 & Adamson Act ‘16
* Prohibition - 18th Amendment
___
However
* Neglected AA rights
* Supported Segregation & not AAs

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12
Q

Emergence - AA strengths & weaknesses

A

Strengths
*
___
Weaknesses
*

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13
Q

Emergence - WWI strengths & weaknesses

A

Strengths
*
___
Weaknesses
*

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14
Q

Emergence - Reform success strengths & weaknesses

A

Strengths
*
___
Weaknesses
*

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15
Q

Emergence - Immigration

A

Great Atlantic Migration - 18M Europeans migrated from ‘90-‘17

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