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Physics > 3.2 Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

3.2 Particles and Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is specific charge

A

the ratio of the charge of an ion to its mass

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2
Q

what is the nucleon number

A

the mass number (number of protons and neutrons)

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3
Q

what is the proton number

A

the atomic number (number of protons only)

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4
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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5
Q

what is the strong nuclear force

A

it keeps the nuclei stable by counteracting the electrostatic force of repulsion protons in the nucleus (they have the same charge)

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6
Q

what is the range of the strong nuclear force

A

3-4 fm [1fm = x10^-15m]

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7
Q

what is alpha decay

A

typically for: large nuclei
emitted: two protons, two neutrons

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8
Q

what is beta minus decay

A

typically for: neutron rich nuclei
emitted: electron and antineutrino

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9
Q

what is beta plus decay

A

typically for: proton rich nuclei
emitted: positron and neutrino

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10
Q

what is gamma decay

A

typically for: after other decays - too much energy in nucleus
emitted: (EM radiation) photons

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11
Q

what is a neutrino

A

a subatomic particle with no electrical charge and a very small mass (could be zero)

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12
Q

why are there neutrinos

A

energy must be conserved

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13
Q

when do antiparticles arise

A

high energy collision experiments
interactions with cosmic rays
radioactive decay

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14
Q

what is an electron volt

A

eV - the kinetic energy pf an electron, having been accelerated by 1V.
1eV = 1.6 x 10^-19J

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15
Q

what is a photon

A

‘under the photon theory of light: a photon is a discrete bundle/packet/quantum of electromagnetic or light energy.’
electromagnetic waves are emitted by a charged particle when it loses energy.

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16
Q

what is a photons behaviour

A

in motion: behaves like waves
in collisions: behaves like particles

17
Q

what is annihilation

A

both particles are destroyed and their mass is converted to energy in the form of 2 gamma photons.
photons are emitted in opposite directions to conserve momentum.

18
Q

what is pair production

A

needs to have an interaction with an atom/nucleus to split into a pair (particle and antiparticle)
a photon needs to have enough energy - must be above the total rest ass of both the particle and antiparticle pair.
the particle and antiparticle pair will move in opposite directions to conserve momentum.

19
Q

what are the four fundamental forces

A

electromagnetic
strong nuclear
gravitational
weak nuclear

20
Q

what is the nature of the electromagnetic force

A

acts between all charged particles

21
Q

what is the range for the electromagnetic force

A

infinite

22
Q

what is the strength for the electromagnetic force

A

high

22
Q

what is the exchange particle for the electromagnetic force

A

virtual photon

23
Q

what is the exchange particle of the electromagnetic force

A

virtual photon

24
Q

what is the nature of the strong nuclear force

A

acts between quarks

25
Q

what is the range of the strong nuclear force

A

3 fm

26
Q

what is the strength of the strong nuclear force

A

highest

27
Q

what is the exchange particle for the gravitational force

A

graviton

28
Q

what is the nature for the gravitational force

A

acts between particles with mass

29
Q

what is the range for the gravitational force

A

infinite

30
Q

what is the strength for the gravitational force

A

very low

31
Q

what is the exchange particle for the weak nuclear force

A

boson (minus and plus)

32
Q

what is the nature for the weak nuclear force

A

responsible for radioactive decay

33
Q

what is the range for the weak nuclear force

A

10^-18 m

34
Q

what is the strength for the weak nuclear force

A

low

35
Q

what are the 2 boson plus decays

A

positron decay
electron capture

36
Q

what are the 2 boson minus decays

A

electron decay
proton-electron collision

Physics (19 decks)

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