Nervous systems

Question 1

The meninges

Answer 1

3 layers of protective and nutritive coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Dura mater

Answer 2

outermost covering of meninges, attaches to underside of skull
-under it, sub-dural space

Question 3

Arachnoid

Answer 3

middle layer of meninges, attaches loosely to brain surface

-under is sub-arachnoid space, filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

Pia mter

Answer 4

Innermost and thinnest layer of meninges

-attaches directly to surface of the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Brain

Answer 5

• divided in half (right/left hemispheres)
• gyri - hills on surface of each hemisphere
• sulci - valleys on surface of each hemisphere
  
  • convolutions - hills and valleys
  • fissure - deep sulcus

Question 6

Brain

Answer 6

• grey matter-surface made of nerve cell bodies
• white matter - inside of brain made of myelinated axons
• surface has varying thickness, arranged in layerys

Question 7

Lobes of the brain

Frontal lobe

Answer 7

• some personality/emotional issues
• some areas of intelligence
• back - areas involved with voluntary motor activities (speech)

Question 8

Lobes of the brain

Parietal

Answer 8

-reception of pain/temp/touch/spacial awareness

Question 9

Lobes of the brain

Temporal

Answer 9

• associated with auditory perception
• learn language auditorally
• language processing - reading/writing/speaking/undersanding

Question 10

Lobes of the brain

Occipital

Answer 10

• visual perception

- important for language

Question 11

Other areas of the brain

Answer 11

Insula - internal area of brain, deeper area
Cerebellum - under and behind occipital lobe, heavily convoluted, associated with fine motor control/equilibrium/posture and motor learning

Question 12

Fiber tracts

Answer 12

Association fibers-Nerve fibers connect areas within each hemisphere
Commissures - connect between hemispheres
-2 small commissures
-1 big - corpus callosum

Question 13

Landmarks of the cortical surface

Fissure of rolando/central Sulcus

Answer 13

separate frontal and parietal lobes with deep groove

Question 14

Landmarks of the cortical surface

Fissure of sylvius/ lateral sulcus

Answer 14

separate frontal and temporal lobes with deep groove

Question 15

Landmarks of the cortical surface

temporal/occipital lobes

Answer 15

no specific dividing line

Question 16

Landmarks of the cortical surface

Precentral gyrus

Answer 16

area in frontal lobe anterior to central sulcus

• the motor strip
• mapped, top of strip causes damage at bottom of body (inverse)
• brain tissue devoted to certain body parts determines amount of voluntary control, more for tongue and larynx

Question 17

Landmarks of the cortical surface

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 17

area in parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus

• sensory strip
• mapped and damage at base causes damage at mouth (inverse)

Question 18

Ventricles

Info

Answer 18

Ventricles - spaces, 4 total

very little space in the brain, if there is swelling etc. they become smaller or distorted

Question 19

Ventricles

Lateral

Answer 19

2, one in each hemisphere near corpus callosum

• football shaped
• connect via interventrical foramen to form 3rd ventricle (continues down through aqueduct of sylvius into midbrain)
• To form 4th venricle - near cerebellum, continues into spinal cord

Question 20

Ventricles continued

Answer 20

choroid plexus - in each ventricle, produces cerebro-spinal fluid
-in 4th ventrical, the fluid flows into subarachnoid space
-cerebro-spinal fluid provides protection and shock absorption
for brain and spinal cord.