Nutrition definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Breakdown of large insoluble molecules by cutting and crushing by teeth and muscle contractions of the gut wall

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2
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Breakdown of large molecules through the secretion of digestive enzymes, bile, and stomach acid

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3
Q

What is absorption?

A

Passage of small soluble molecules and ions through the gut wall into the blood

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4
Q

What is egestion?

A

Elimination of indigestible waste. Not that this is not excretion as this waste has not been modified. Excretion would refer to CO2 from cells or urea in the urine

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5
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave of muscular contractions in the gut wall propelling the contents along it

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6
Q

What is enterokinase?

A

An enzyme that converts trypsinogen to trypsin

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7
Q

What is microvilli?

A

The projections on columnar epithelial cells of the ileum which increase surface area

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8
Q

What is a parasite?

A

An organism that lives in or on another organism and obtains nourishment at the expense of the host, causing harm

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9
Q

What is diastema?

A

A gap between molars and incisors in herbivores allowing manipulation of food back to molars

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10
Q

What are carnassials?

A

Blade-like teeth to crush bones found in carnivores

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11
Q

What is a caecum?

A

Enlarged area of large intestine in non-ruminant herbivores, where bacteria are found

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12
Q

What is reflection/coprophagy

A

The process of eating one’s own faeces to increase efficiency of digestion

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