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OB LEC > SAS#6 > Flashcards

SAS#6 Flashcards

1
Q

(first 2 weeks,
beginning with fertilization)

A

Pre-embryonic stage

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2
Q

(weeks 3 through
8)

A

Embryonic stage

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3
Q

(from week 8 through
birth)

A

FETAL STAGE

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4
Q

from ovulation to fertilization

A

Ovum

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5
Q

from fertilization to implantation

A

Zygote

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6
Q

from implantation to 5-8 weeks

A

Embryo

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7
Q

developing embryo and placental structure
throughout pregnancy

A

Conceptus

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8
Q

the earliest age at which fetuses
survive if they are born is generally accepted as 24
weeks, or at the point a fetus weighs more than
500-600g.

A

Age of viability

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9
Q

is a union of an ovum and a
spermatozoon.

A

Fertilization

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10
Q

Fertilization occurs in

A

AMPULLA

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11
Q

Ovum is capable of
fertilization for

A

24h (48h at
the most

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12
Q

Sperm is functional for

A

48h
up to 72h.

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13
Q

Mature ovum is surrounded
by the

A

ZONA PELLUCIDA
CORONA RADIATA

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14
Q

Normally, an ejaculation of semen
averages

A

2.5 mL of fluid
containing 50
to 200 million spermatozoa per milliliter,
or an average of 400 million sperm per
ejaculation.

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15
Q

is released by the spermatozoa
and dissolves the layer of cells protecting
the ovum.

A

Hyaluronidase (a proteolytic
enzyme)

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16
Q

Immediately after penetration of the ovum,
the chromosomal material of the ovum and
spermatozoon fuse to form a

A

zygote.

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17
Q

The fertilized ovum has 46 chromosomes.

A

23 CHROMOSOMES: 22 autosomes + 1 sex
chromosome

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18
Q

If an X-carrying spermatozoon entered the
ovum, the resulting child will have two X
chromosomes and will be

A

female (XX)

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19
Q

If a Y-carrying spermatozoon entered the
ovum, the resulting child will have an X and a
Y chromosome and will be

A

male (XY).

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20
Q

At the time of ovulation, there is a

A

reduction in the viscosity (thickness)
Of the women cervical mucus

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21
Q

Sperm transport is so efficient close to
ovulation that spermatozoa deposited in
the vagina reach the cervix within

And the outer end of the fallopian tube within fallopian tube within after
deposition.

A

90
seconds

5 mins

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22
Q

Once fertilization is
complete, ___
begins

A

mitotic cell
division, or cleavage

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23
Q

The first
cleavage occurs at
about

A

24 hours

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24
Q

By the time the zygote enters the
uterus, it has become a bumpy,
mulberry-like ball of 12 to 16 cells
called

A

morula.

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25
Q

Stages of blastocyst culture

A

FERTILIZED EGG
2 CELL STAGE
4 CELL STAGE
BLASTOCYST
MORULA
8 STAGE CELL

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26
Q

At approximately 4 to 5 days, a central
fluid-filled cavity soon forms in the morula,
converting it to a structure called

A

BLASTOCYST

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27
Q

At approximately 4 to 5 days, a central
fluid-filled cavity soon forms in the morula,
converting it to a structure called

A

BLASTOCYST

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28
Q

BLASTOCYSTS consisting

A

TROPHOBLAST CELLS
EMBRYOPLAST CELLS
BLASTOCYST CAVITY

29
Q

the thin outer layer of cell.
They are the part of the structure that will later
form the placenta and the membranes.

A

Trophoblast cells

30
Q

the inner cell mass is the
portion of the structure that will form the
embryo.

A

Embryoblast cells

31
Q

the fluid –filled cavity that
later forms as the amniotic cavity

A

Blastocyst cavity

32
Q

contact
between the growing
structure and the uterine
endometrium, occurs
approximately 8 to 10 days
after fertilization.

A

Implantation,

33
Q

After the
attachment of the zygote,
the endometrium is known as
the

A

decidua.

34
Q

Implantation occurs in the _____ of the menstrual
cycle.

A

second
(secretory) phase

35
Q

If the point of implantation is low
in the cervix, it can cause the
placenta to block the cervix as it
grows and enlarges, this result in

A

placenta previa

36
Q

Once implanted, the zygote is
called an

A

embryo.

37
Q

Trophoblastic layer of blastocyst matures
rapidly & on the 11th to 12th day, miniature villi
or probing fingers called __
reach out into the endometrium.

A

CHORIONIC VILLI

38
Q

Chorionic villi
manufactured

A

human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)

that signals the
corpus luteum in the ovary to
continue manufacturing estrogen
and progesterone, preventing
menstruation and ovulation.

39
Q

Serves as fetal lungs, kidneys, GIT, a
separate endocrine organ throughout the
pregnancy.

A

PLACENTA

40
Q

The placenta is fully functional by the

A

12th week of pregnancy

41
Q

maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus,
providing temporary immunity to some diseases such as

A

smallpox, diphtheria, and measles.

42
Q

the first
placental hormone produced

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

43
Q

HCG can be found in

A

MATERNAL BLOOD AND URINE

44
Q

known as the “hormone of
mothers”, this is because ___ is
necessary to maintain the endometrial lining
of the uterus during pregnancy

A

PROGESTERONE

45
Q

is often referred to as the
“hormone of women”, because
___ influences a female
appearance.

A

Estrogen

46
Q

is a hormone with both
growth-promoting and lactogenic properties

A

Human placental lactogen (human
somatomammotropin)

47
Q

The chorionic villi on the medial surface
of the trophoblast (i.e., those that are
not involved in implantation because
they do not touch the endometrium)
gradually thin until they become the
___, the
outermost fetal membrane

A

chorionic membrane (chorion)

48
Q

forms
beneath the chorion, not only offers
support to amniotic fluid but also
actually produces the fluid.

A

amniotic membrane or amnion

49
Q

Normal amount of amniotic fluid

A

800 to 1,200 ml

50
Q

If the fetus is unable to swallow _____
are the two most
common reasons

A

esophageal
atresia or anencephaly

51
Q

excessive amniotic fluid or______will result (more
than 2,000 mL).

A

hydramnios (polyhydramnios)

52
Q

reduction in the amount of the amniotic
fluid (less than 300 mL)

A

oligohydramnios

53
Q

Amniotic fluid is
Urine is

A

SLIGHTLY ACIDIC (7.2)
ACIDIC (5.0/5.5)

54
Q

Is formed from the fetal membranes
(amnion and chorion) and provides a
circulatory pathway that connects the
embryo to the chorionic villi of the
placenta

A

umbilical cord

55
Q

The bulk of the cord is a gelatinous
mucopolysaccharide called

A

Wharton
jelly

56
Q

An umbilical cord contains

A

1 VEIN
2 ARTERIES

57
Q

carrying blood from the
placental villi to the fetus

A

1 VEIN

58
Q

carrying blood from the
fetus back to the placental villi

A

2 ARTERIES

59
Q

The nurse should always count the
number of vessels in the umbilical cord
after the birth of an infant. If only two
exist, one artery and one vein, the
newborn should be evaluated for

A

congenital malformations

(particularly
of kidney and heart)

60
Q

As a fetus grows, body organ
systems develop from specific tissue
layers called

A

GERM LAYERS

61
Q

Central nervous system (brain
and spinal cord)
Peripheral nervous system
Skin, hair, nails, and tooth
enamel
Sense organs
Mucous membranes of the
anus, mouth, and nose
Mammary glands

A

Ectoderm

62
Q

Supporting structures of the
body (connective tissue,
bones, cartilage, muscle,
ligaments, and tendons)
Upper portions of the urinary
system (kidneys and ureters)
Reproductive system
Heart, lymph, and circulatory
systems and blood cells

A

Mesoderm

63
Q

Lining of pericardial, pleura,
and peritoneal cavities
Lining of the gastrointestinal
tract, respiratory tract, tonsils,
parathyroid, thyroid, and
thymus gland
Lower urinary system (bladder
and urethra)

A

Endoderm

64
Q

A combination of______and_____help propel the ovum along the length of the tube

A

PERISTALTIC ACTION
MOVEMENTS OF THE TUBE CILIA

65
Q

Zona pellucida or

A

Ring of mucopolysaccharide fluid

66
Q

Corona radiata or

A

CIRCLE OF CELLS

67
Q

Placenta has the following functions

A

NUTRITION
EXCRETION
RESPIRATION
IMMUNITY

68
Q

Fetus continually swallows a AF fluid from the

A

INTESTINE enters the
BLOODSTREAM then to the
UMBILICAL ARTERIES to the
PLACENTA

OB LEC (11 decks)

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