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Geography > Wider World > Flashcards

Wider World Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear power

A

electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor/ reaction

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2
Q

How does nuclear power work

Steps 1-4

A

Reaction triggered

Water is heated

Hot water is circulated

Steam is created

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3
Q

How does nuclear power work

Steps 5-8

A

Steam energy converted to electrical energy

Electrical energy passed to national grid

Electricity sent through power lines to homes

Steam is cooled and recycled

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4
Q

Chernobyl explosion

A

1986 nuclear reactor exploded

190 tonnes of radioactive gases released into the atmoshpere

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5
Q

Liquidator

A

People sent to the reactor to get rid of the chernobyl by dumping tonjes of sand and putting the building in a sarcophagus

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6
Q

Impacts of chernobyl disaster

A

Children born with illnesses

350,000 people had to evacuate towns

Children 100x more likely to develop thyroid cancer

Millions of acres of forest and farmland were contaminated

Around 200,000 people from Ukraine and Russia died from the effects if chernobyl

Deformed livestock

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7
Q

Advantages nuclear power

A

No greenhouse gas emissions

Fuel-efficent

Resilient in times of extreme weather

Job intensive

Low operating cost

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8
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Accidents could emit radioactive materials

No good solution for disposing radioactive waste

Non renewable

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9
Q

3 reasons nuclear power is sustainable

A

Produces zero carbon emissions

Nuclear energy’s land footprint is small

Nuclear energy protects air quality

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10
Q

3 reasons nuclear power is not sustainable

A

Creates radioactive waste

Nuclear power plants are dangerous and vulnerable

Too expensive

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11
Q

Sustainable

A

the practice of using natural resources responsibly

so they support both present and future generations

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12
Q

Superpower nation

A

An extremely powerful nation

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13
Q

Who are the superpowers

A

USA

Russia

China

India

Brazil

France

England

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14
Q

Factors which make a superpower

A

Geographic size

Population

Resources

Military

Economic

Cultural

Political

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15
Q

Geographic size

A

Tend to have greater natural resources

Extend influence over a larger number of neighbours

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16
Q

Population

A

Larger populations encourage economic growth through markets

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17
Q

Resources

A

Countries with resources necessary for economic development should hold significant power

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18
Q

Military

A

Military force can be used to exert pressure

Countries with a large military could be viewed to be more powerful

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19
Q

Economic

A

Top 10 economies around the world have 2/3 of world GDP

Determine economic policies which affect the globe

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20
Q

Cultural

A

how appealing a nation’s way of life, values and beliefs are to others

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21
Q

Political

A

Only 5 countries have a permanent seat on the UN Security Counci

Only they can veto any resolution

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22
Q

BRIC

A

Brazil

Russia

India

China

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23
Q

What are BRICs

A

Emerging economic superpowers

24
Q

MINT

A

Mexico

Indonesia

Nigeria

Turkey

25
Q

How is Brazil a BRIC

A

Brazil’s GDP per capita

1985 - $1600

2020 - $11,700

26
Q

How is India a BRIC

A

1985 - $300

2020 - $2,300

27
Q

How’s China a BRIC

A

GDP per person

1985 - $300

2020 - $18,450

28
Q

How’s Russia a BRIC

A

GDP per person

1985 - $3,000

2020 - $12,500

29
Q

What is MINT

A

A group of countries with the potential to grow rapid economic growth

30
Q

What’s an IGO

A

Inter-governmental organisation

international groups who play a large part in the making of international laws

31
Q

Why do we need IGOs

A

Allow states to cooperate in specific fields while retaining their sovereignty

32
Q

IGO

Security

A

UN security council

Primary responsibility = maintenance of international peace and security

33
Q

IGO

Trade

A

World trade organisation WTO

purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible

34
Q

IGO

Environment

A

The IPCC are the leading international body for assessment of climate change

35
Q

IGO

Economic

A

International Monetary Fund

monitors the IMF to identify risks and recommend policies

36
Q

IGO

Health

A

responsible for giving direction on international health issues

37
Q

Industrial revolution

A

avalanche of high quality, mass-produced goods that would flood the markets around the world

38
Q

What did Britain use to increase their power

A

Naval power

First to industrialise

39
Q

Colonialism

A

The act of one nation controlling another for economic gain

Britain over India

40
Q

What lead to the rise of the British Empire

A

Canada annexed

Napoleonic wars

India conquered

Crimean war

Africa seized

41
Q

What led to the fall of the British empire

A

World war 1

Great depression

World war 2

China revolution

Indian independence

African revolts

42
Q

6 factors which led british empire to fall

World war 2

A

Two new superpowers controlled much of the world the USA and the USSR

Britain found that they were increasingly relying on the USA

43
Q

6 factors which led British empire to fall

New superpowers

A

Britain had to borrow money from powers such as the USA to cover the costs of the war, leaving it less money to administer to its colonies

44
Q

6 factors which led British empire to fall

Money

A

Following the Second World War, the British Empire was no longer super-rich compared to other powers

Britain could not afford to hold territories that were not making them profit so had to give these territories independence

45
Q

6 factors which led British empire to fall

Nationalism

A

Many people learned a love of their own culture and traditions from Britain so wanted independence from Britain

46
Q

6 factors which led British empire to fall

Indian independence

A

India was the largest, most profitable British colony and held around 75% of the population of the Empire

India leaving showed the rest of the Empire that they could too

47
Q

6 factors which led British empire to fall

Opinion at home

A

Women’s rights, workers’ rights, free education and healthcare went against the idea of taking control of other nations

British people seemed to prefer spending money on the new NHS than on colonies on the other side of the world

48
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

The practice of promoting and imposing a culture

49
Q

Globalisation

A

the increasing connections between places and people across the planet

established through trade, politics and cultural exchanges

helped by technology and transport

50
Q

Development

A

the progress of a country as it becomes more economically and technologically advanced

51
Q

How does globalisation increase development

A

paved the way for new markets

enhanced trade and investment

fostered cross-border technology

knowledge transfers

52
Q

how do TNCs increase development in a country

A

TNCs bring money back to their country of origin, which can be taxed or reinvested into the national economy

53
Q

How do TNCs increase globalisation

A

TNCs have many factories located in different countries. This global presence creates links between different regions of the world previously not connected

Help increase international trade by producing goods in 1 country and selling them in another leading to greater economic interdependence between countries

54
Q

How do governments contribute to globalisation

A

International trade

Doreign direct investment (FDI)

Which encourages the spread of globalisation especially into new global regions

55
Q

Uni-polar world system

A

where most of the world region’s economic, social, cultural aspects are influenced by a single state/country

56
Q

Bi-polar world system

A

a system of world order in which the majority of global economic, military and cultural influence is held between two states

57
Q

Multi-polar world system

A

power is distributed at least among 3 significant poles countries

Geography (3 decks)

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