Renal System Physiology 4 - Teel

Question 1

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 1

acidosis: a-cells release acid

alkalosis: b-cells release base

Question 2

Why would diarrhea cause ____?

Answer 2

causes metabolic acidosis, due to loss of bicarb, water.

Question 3

3 times you secrete acid:

Answer 3

reabsorb filtered bicarb, acidify a titrated acid, metabolize glutamate.

Question 4

Anion Gap

Answer 4

normal anion gap = 8-16 mEq/L

Its the anions that are not cl or bicarbonate.

As gap increases, it is linked to acidosis. This is because excess acid buffers the bicarbonate, consuming it more.

Question 5

What can aspirin cause?

Answer 5

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Renal Failure

Oliguria

Answer 6

Diminished urine output (< 400 ml urine output a day)

Question 7

Renal Failure

Creatinine

Answer 7

Inverse relationship between creatinine level and kidney function

Question 8

Renal Failure

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) amount of urea/nitrogen in your blood.

Answer 8

Increased levels of this causes renal failure.

A certain amount of this is important for establishing medullary concentration gradient, but if you have extreme levels, it can be smelled in your breath.

Question 9

3 Different acute renal failures:

Answer 9

Pre-renal (60-70%): inadequate renal perfusion (related to blood flow to kidneys)

Intra-renal (25-40%): acute tubular necrosis due to renal ischemia or nephrotoxins (maybe tubular cells die off)

Post-renal (5-10%): obstruction of urine flow (prostate related, kidney stones block ureter)

Question 10

Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 10

permanent reduction in GFR resulting in uremic syndrome.

BUN reaches 60-100 mg/dL
plasma creatinine reaches 8-12 mg/ dL

Question 11

consequences of chronic renal failure

Answer 11

metabolic acidosis
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia -> hypertension
anemia from loss of production of erythropoietin