DNA, genes and chromosomes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three components of nucleotides?
A
A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, an organic base.
2
Q
Describe the structure of DNA.
A
Made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic bases (A, C, G, T). It is double-stranded, and hydrogen bonds between bases form a helix shape.
3
Q
Describe the role of DNA.
A
Carries genetic information, determines our inherited characteristics.
4
Q
Describe the structure of RNA.
A
Made up of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic babes (A, C, G, U). It is single stranded.
5
Q
Describe the role of RNA.
A
Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
6
Q
Which bases are purine and which are pyridimine?
A
- Purine (double ring) = adenine, guanine.
- Pyrimidine (single ring) = cytosine, thymine, uracil.
7
Q
How is DNA in eukaryotic cells different from in prokaryotic cells?
A
- Eukaryotic cells = found in nucleus, long and linear
