You And Your Genes Flashcards
What are all living things made of?
Cells, there are billions
What are eukaryotic cells?
Complex
Animal and plant cells
Have a nucleus
What are prokaryotic cells?
Small and simple
Bacteria cells
Don’t have a nucleus
What are cells?
Contain genetic material
Contain a chemical called DNA
They control what the cell does
Allows the organism to develop and function
DNA stored differently in different cells
What is in a eukaryotic cell?
Cell wall Chloroplasts Mitochondria Vacuole Nucleus Ribosomes Cell membranes
What is in a prokaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Other structures
Cytoplasm
Plasmids
Nucleus
Contains dna
Cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions happen
Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out the cell.
Partially permeable
Mitochondria
Contain the enzymes needed for most of the reactions of aerobic respiration
Releases energy for the cell
Ribosomes
Join amino acids to make protein
Cell wall
Made of cellulose
Protects the cell
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis happens
Makes food for the plant
Contains chlorophyll
Vacuole
Stores cell sap
Solution of sugar and salt
Prokaryotic cells have …
One long circular strand of DNA
Floats around the cytoplasm
Plasmids
Sub cellular structures
What is a plasmid?
Small loops of extra DNA
What does an organisms DNA make up?
Genetic material
What is DNA
Polymer- a molecule that’s made up of smaller, repeating units called monomers
Monomers - nucleotides
What does each DNA molecule contain?
Two stands of nucleotides which coil together and form a double helix
Where is DNA stored?
Cells nucleus as chromosomes
What is a protein?
A polymer
What are monomers made up from?
Amino acids
A gene tells us to put together amino acids in a particular order to make a certain protein
What do proteins control?
Different characteristics
Eye colour
Different versions
Blue or brown eyes
What are different versions of the same genes called?
Alleles (genetic variants)
Each chromosome in a pair contains the same genes but they may carry down deferent alleles
The entire genetic material of an organisms is it’s genome.
Combination of alleles is called a genotype.
Characteristics of organism is called a phenotype
An organisms genotype affects its phenotype.
An organisms phenotype is also modified by its environment (changed)
