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Biology B1 > You And Your Genes > Flashcards

You And Your Genes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all living things made of?

A

Cells, there are billions

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2
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Complex
Animal and plant cells
Have a nucleus

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3
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Small and simple
Bacteria cells
Don’t have a nucleus

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4
Q

What are cells?

A

Contain genetic material
Contain a chemical called DNA
They control what the cell does
Allows the organism to develop and function
DNA stored differently in different cells

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5
Q

What is in a eukaryotic cell?

A 
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria 
Vacuole
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell membranes
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6
Q

What is in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane

Other structures
Cytoplasm
Plasmids

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains dna

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions happen

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9
Q

Cell membrane

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out the cell.
Partially permeable

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Contain the enzymes needed for most of the reactions of aerobic respiration
Releases energy for the cell

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Join amino acids to make protein

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose

Protects the cell

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13
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis happens
Makes food for the plant
Contains chlorophyll

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14
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores cell sap

Solution of sugar and salt

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15
Q

Prokaryotic cells have …

A

One long circular strand of DNA
Floats around the cytoplasm
Plasmids
Sub cellular structures

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16
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

Small loops of extra DNA

17
Q

What does an organisms DNA make up?

A

Genetic material

18
Q

What is DNA

A

Polymer- a molecule that’s made up of smaller, repeating units called monomers
Monomers - nucleotides

19
Q

What does each DNA molecule contain?

A

Two stands of nucleotides which coil together and form a double helix

20
Q

Where is DNA stored?

A

Cells nucleus as chromosomes

21
Q

What is a protein?

A

A polymer

22
Q

What are monomers made up from?

A

Amino acids

A gene tells us to put together amino acids in a particular order to make a certain protein

23
Q

What do proteins control?

A

Different characteristics
Eye colour
Different versions
Blue or brown eyes

24
Q

What are different versions of the same genes called?

A

Alleles (genetic variants)

Each chromosome in a pair contains the same genes but they may carry down deferent alleles

25
Q

The entire genetic material of an organisms is it’s genome.
Combination of alleles is called a genotype.
Characteristics of organism is called a phenotype

A

An organisms genotype affects its phenotype.

An organisms phenotype is also modified by its environment (changed)

Biology B1 (1 decks)

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