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Yoga 200 > Yoga Anatomy > Flashcards

Yoga Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main types of connective tissue?

A

Tendons - connect muscle to bone (fibrous)
Ligaments - connect bone to bone (provide flexibility and movement)
Fascia - unites surface layers to muscles, organs and bones (superficial, deep, subserous)

Also, collagen, elastin, scar tissue

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2
Q

What are the main types of joints?

A

Cartilaginous - minimal mobility
Fibrous - tight fusion, no movement
Synovial - lubricated, free movement

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3
Q

Name the key bones of the body.

A

Skull, mandible, cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, clavicle, scalpula, humerus, sternum, ribs, ulna, radius, Illium, Ischium, Sacrum, Coccyx, Femur, Fibula, Tibia

Hands - Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Feet - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

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4
Q

Bones are comprised of which tissues?

A

Compact tissue - (cortical) provides protection
Spongy tissue - (cancellous) within the structure of the bone
Periostecum - outer membrane
Marrow - gel-like material which produces stem cells

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5
Q

What two groups of bones is the skeletal system comprised off/

A

Axial - skull, spine, ribcage

Appendicular - pelvis, shoulders, limbs

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6
Q

How many bones do we have in our bodies?

A

About 270 at birth

206 by adulthood

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7
Q

Define the terms:

Superficial
Deep
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Proximal
Distal
A

Superficial - close to the surface
Deep - far from the surface
Flexion - decreases the angle of the joint
Extension - increases the angle of the joint
Hyperextension - extends the joint beyond anatomical position
Proximal - closer to the head
Distal - further from the head

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8
Q

Define the terms:

Prone
Supine
Adduction
Abduction

A

Prone - to lie flat, chest down
Supine - to lie flat, chest up
Adduction - toward the midline
Abduction - away from the midline

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9
Q

Define the terms:

Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
A

Superior - closer to the upper part of the body
Inferior - further from the upper part of the body
Anterior - toward the front
Posterior - toward the back
Medial - toward the center, or midline
Lateral - away from the center, or midline

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10
Q

What nerve does the chanting of “OM” stimulate?

A

The Vagus nerve - part of the autonomic nervous system that works with the heart, lungs and digestive system.

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11
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic - fight or flight

Parasympathetic - relaxation, slowing down

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12
Q

Name three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory - perceive external stimuli and information from the organs
Response - voluntary/involuntary
Integration - coordination of sensory and response functions

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13
Q

What comprises the nervous system?

A

Central NS - brain, spinal cord
Peripheral NS - nervous

*Neurons, which communicate through neurotransmitters

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14
Q

What chakra is usually associated with which part of the endocrine system?

A 
Root - Reproductive glands
Sacral - Adrenal
Solar Plexus - Pancreas
Heart - Thymus
Throat - Thyroid
Third Eye - Pituitary
Crown - Pineal
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15
Q

What two hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and glucogen

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16
Q

What does the thymus produce?

A

A hormone used to develop T Cells, white blood cells that protect the body against viruses and infections.

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17
Q

What does the thyroid gland do?

A

Produces hormones that control metabolism

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18
Q

What areas of the body does the pituitary gland influence?

A

Stress, reproduction, blood pressure, metabolism and growth.

19
Q

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

A

Production of melatonin, which regulates sleep.

20
Q

Name the key skeletal muscles.

A

Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Quadricep. Rectus Femoris, Hamstrings, Psoas, Pectorals, Trapezius, Biceps, Tricpes

21
Q

Muscles is made of which two proteins?

A

Actin and Myosin

22
Q

What does “isometric” mean?

A

When a muscle contracts but no movement occurs and the muscle does not lengthen or shorten.

23
Q

What is an isotonic concentric or eccentric contraction?

A

A muscle contraction that causes the joint to move–concentric, muscle shortens, eccentric, muscle lengthens.

24
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacrum (5 bones fused)
1 coccyx
25
Q

What do intervertebral discs do?

A

Provide protection and mobility.

26
Q

What are the primary types of spinal curves?

A

Concave - inward - thoracic, sacral
Convex - outward - cervical, lumbar

Kyphosis - excessive outward (more than 50 degress)
Lordosis - excessive inward

Scoliosis - sideways S or C

27
Q

What are the main spinal disc conditions?

A 
normal
degenerative
bulging
herniated
thinning
28
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrom is caused by compression of which nerve?

A

Median

29
Q

The rotator cuff is composed of how many muscles?

A

4 - Supraspinatus (adbucts), Infraspinatus (externally rotates), Teres Minor (externally rotates), Subscapularis (internally rotates)

30
Q

The humerus meets the scalpula at which joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

31
Q

How many bones are in each hand?

A

27 (14 phalanges)

32
Q

The psoas major muscle connects at which vertebrae?

A

T12 - L4 (lesser trochantes)

33
Q

The iliopsoas muscle is made of which two separate muscles.

A

Psoas major

Iliascus

34
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A

Transverse
Lateral Longitudinal
Medial Longitudinal

35
Q

What are the four motions of the foot?

A

Plantar flexion - downward
Dorsiflexion - upward
Eversion - tilting away from the midline
Inversion - tilting toward the midline

36
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

37
Q

What do the lateral and medial menisci do?

A

Keep knee stable, absorb shock, lubricate joint

38
Q

What are the four main ligaments of the knee?

A

ACL, PCL - forward/backward

MCL, LCL - limit side to side movement of the knee

39
Q

What are the four main movements of the knee joint?

A

Flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation.

*Knee must be bent at more than ten degrees to rotate.

40
Q

What percentage of our body weight is supported by the knees when standing?

A

80%

41
Q

How many muscles make up the quadriceps femoris

A

4

vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and rectus femoris

42
Q

Where is the center of gravity located

A

top of the sacrum

43
Q

What are the three main bones of the pelvis?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

*three separate bones which fuse together in adolescence.

Yoga 200 (2 decks)

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