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Vicars Study > Year One Assessment Test > Flashcards

Year One Assessment Test Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we perform an interview?

A

To gather subjective information related to the client’s chief complaint, to rule out red flags to assessment and treatment, to determine the need for referral, and to formulate an index of suspicion.

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2
Q

What is an index of suspicion?

A

An index of suspicion is a list of possible conditions to rule in or out using the steps of assessment.

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3
Q

What do you learn from performing a postural assessment?

A

Musculoskeletal deviations from normal.

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4
Q

What to do when positioning a client for postural observation?

A

Remove shoes, lower plumb line, march on spot

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5
Q

Landmarks for perfect posture - anterior

What to palpate?

A

Midway between the medial malleoli, midway between the knees, through the public symphysis, umbilicus, sternal notch, chin, nose, and eyes - palpate shoulders, hips and knees

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6
Q

Landmarks for perfect posture - lateral

What to palpate?

A

Anterior to lateral malleolus, just anterior to head of fibula, through greater trochanter, acromion process, external auditory meatus

Palpate ASIS and PSIS, knees

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7
Q

Landmarks for perfect posture - posterior

What to palpate?

A

Midway between medial malleoli, midway between knees, in line with gluteal cleft, in line with vertebrae, midway through external occipital protuberance

Palpate - down spine on laminar groove, shoulders, hips, knees

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8
Q

What do you learn from performing a gait assessment?

A

Musculoskeletal imbalances or deviations from normal during motion; abnormal gait patterns

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9
Q

Main landmarks and movements to observe during gait

A

Anterior - feet position, body sway
Lateral - arm swing, step length, abnormal gait (ataxic, antalgic)
Posterior - feet position, body sway

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10
Q

What are the 4 T’s of palpation with examples?

A

Temperature - warmer or cooler than normal, ischemia
Texture - boggy, ropy, firmer than normal, adhesions, fibrotic, fascial restrictions
Tenderness - point tender, referring, nerve pain
Tone - hypertonic, hypertonic

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11
Q

What are some important steps to remember when performing palpation?

A

Start on unaffected side to compare; start peripherally, move towards discomfort

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12
Q

Active Free - what tissue is being tested?

A

Contractile and non-contractile

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13
Q

Active Free - what are you observing?

A

Ease or quality of movement and range

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14
Q

Passive Relaxed - what tissue is being tested?

A

Non-contractile

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15
Q

Passive Relaxed - where does a passive relaxed movement stop?

A

Barrier at the end of the pain-free range with overpressure

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16
Q

Passive Relaxed - what is important to consider for hand placement?

A

The joint is isolated

17
Q

Active Resisted - what tissue is being tested?

A

Contractile

18
Q

Active Resisted - what do you say to the client?

A

Don’t let me move you or meet my resistance.

19
Q

Active Resisted - what type of contraction is used?

A

Isometric

20
Q

Active Resisted - what results are you looking for?

A

Pain and/or weakness

21
Q

During ROM remember to:

A

Perform scanning above and below, perform unaffected side first, over pressure applied in passive

22
Q

Dermatomes (upper)

A

C1 top of head
C2 side of head
C3 side of neck
C4 yoke
C5 over deltoids
C6 lateral forearm to thumb
C7 middle forearm into middle finger
C8 medial forearm into baby finger
T1medial elbow - need consent
T2 axilla - need consent

23
Q

What division is dermatomes?

A

Sensory

24
Q

What is a normal result for dermatomes?

A

Same sensation on each side

25
Q

Myotomes (upper)

A

C1-C2 neck flexion
C3 neck lateral flexion
C4 shoulder elevation
C5 shoulder abduction
C6 elbow flexion and wrist extension
C7 elbow extension and wrist flexion
C8 thumb extension and ulnar deviation
T1 hand intrinsics

26
Q

What division are myotomes?

A

Motor

27
Q

What are normal results for myotomes?

A

Equal and adequate strength

28
Q

Deep tendon reflexes (upper)

A

C5-C6 Biceps
C7-C8 Triceps

29
Q

What division are deep tendon reflexes?

A

Both motor and sensory

30
Q

What is a normal result for deep tendon reflexes?

A

Equal responses both sides

31
Q

Dermatomes (lower)

A

L1 around low back and around hips to ASIS
L2 down inner thigh - needs consent
L3 medial knee
L4 medial malleolus
L5 dorsal foot down 2nd and 3rd toes
S1 lateral bottom of foot
S1-S2 bottom of calcaneous

32
Q

Myotomes (lower)

A

L1-L2 hip flexion
L3 knee extension
L4 ankle dorsiflexion
L5 great toe extension
S1 ankle plantar flexion, ankle eversion, hip extension, knee flexion
S2 knee flexion

33
Q

Deep tendon reflexes (lower)

A

L3-L4 Patella
S1-S2 Calcaneal

34
Q

What are the points included in a clinical impression?

A

A summary of all signs and symptoms noted in the assessment, location, stage of healing (if applicable), possible condition, possible cause

35
Q

What is an absolute general contraindication? Please give four examples.

A

Massage therapy is not appropriate in any circumstance. Ex: anaphylaxis, appendicitis, severe asthmatic attack, severe fever. I would not treat and would advise the client get medical attention or get them medical attention.

36
Q

What is an absolute local contraindication? Please give four examples.

A

Massage therapy is not appropriate at the site of the condition. Ex: open wound, injection site (up to 24 hours after), radiation therapy site, local contagious condition. I would not massage the area at all.

37
Q

What is an modified general contraindication? Please give four examples.

A

A change to massage for the whole body based on the condition present. Ex: osteoporosis, pregnancy, fibromyalgia, Parkinson’s. For fibromyalgia I would change massage for how client is feeling that day as symptoms vary daily. Light pressure at initial treatment with gradual increase each treatment, but never to point of pain - keep below 5. Include MF techniques to improve treatment outcomes. May have coexisting conditions (like TMJD, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus).

38
Q

What is a modified local contraindication? Please give four examples.

A

A change to massage in one area based on a specific condition. Ex: pitting edema, hardware/joint replacement, joint hypermobility, subacute sprain. I would modify for the hardware/joint replacement with no heat, attention to ROM, change in pressure, no traction

Vicars Study (12 decks)

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