year 10 chemistry

Question 1

What is an atom ?

Answer 1

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.

Question 2

what is a periodic table ?

Answer 2

A periodic table is an order arrangement of chemical elements in rows and columns.

Question 3

what are the columns called ?

Answer 3

Each column is called a group. Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Question 4

what are the rows called ?

Answer 4

Each row is called a period. The elements in each period have the same number of energy levels/ shells.

Question 5

what are valance electrons ?

Answer 5

Valance electrons are electrons in the outer shell. the group number tells you the number of valance electrons.

Question 6

what are electrons ?

Answer 6

Electrons are subatomic particles and have a negative charge and are found in the electron shells. They are very light and have almost no mass.

Question 7

what are protons ?

Answer 7

Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.

Question 8

what are neutrons ?

Answer 8

Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus.

Question 9

what is an element ?

Answer 9

An element is a pure substance e that cant be broken down any further. They form a single type of atom.

Question 10

what is a molecule ?

Answer 10

A molecule is two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds.

Question 11

what is a compound ?

Answer 11

A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio, held together by chemical bonds.

Question 12

what is atomic mass ?

Answer 12

Atomic mass is average weight of an element. It’s the number of protons and neutrons combined.

Question 13

what is an atomic number ?

Answer 13

The atomic number is number of Protons in an element. ( In an electrically neutral atom, this will also equal the number of electrons. )

Question 14

what is an electron shell ?

Answer 14

An electron shell is an orbit that electrons follow around an atoms nucleus.

Question 15

why are Noble gases un-reactive?

Answer 15

Noble gases are un-reactive because they have 8 electrons in the outer shell, therefore they don’t need to react with other elements to be stable.

Question 16

do noble gases form compounds?

Answer 16

noble gases do not form compounds, as they’re stable and don’t need to react with other elements.

Question 17

what are metals ?

Answer 17

Metals have a lustrous appearance and are good conductors of heat and electricity. they are located on the left side of the periodic table.

Question 18

What are nonmetals ?

Answer 18

Nonmetals are typically lighter than metals, brittle or crumbly, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. they are located on the upper right side of the periodic table.

Question 19

What are metalloids ?

Answer 19

Metalloids posess a mix of both metal and nonmetal properties. they are located in-between metals and nonmetals.

Question 20

What is electric configuration ?

Answer 20

Electric configuration is the distribution of electrons. electric configuration can be written as 2.8.8.

Question 21

What is atomic radius?

Answer 21

Atomic radius is the total amount of distance from the nucleus of an atoms to the outermost orbital of its electron.

Question 22

What is electronegativity ?

Answer 22

Electronegativity is. chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Elements with more valance electrons are more likely to attract/gain electrons, while elements with less valance electrons are more likely to loose them.

Question 23

What is ionisation ?

Answer 23

Ionization is the process by which an atom acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons.

Question 24

what is ionisation energy ?

Answer 24

Ionisation energy is the amount go energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom.

Question 25

what are ions ?

Answer 25

Ions are responsible for chemical reactions and are formed when atoms transfer (loose or gain) electrons.

Question 26

What are cations ?

Answer 26

Cations are positively charged ions form when an atoms looses electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons. These ions are all metals.

Question 27

What are anions ?

Answer 27

Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atoms gains electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons. These ions are all nonmetals.

Question 28

What are ionic compounds ?

Answer 28

ionic compounds are chemical compounds made when ions swap electrons and bond together.

Question 29

How to write ionic compounds ?

Answer 29

First write the symbol of the cation (metal) then wet the anion (nonmetal).when atoms of nonmetal form ions their name also changes, while metals stay the same.

Question 30

What are the 3 most reactive metals ?

Answer 30

The 3 most reactive metals are potassium, sodium and calcium.

Question 31

What do the most reactive metals react with ?

Answer 31

The most reactive metals react with water, acid and oxygen.

Question 32

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 32

Ionic bonding is that transfer of electrons.

Question 33

Why are ions formed?

Answer 33

elements form cations/anions to create a full electron shell and become stable.

Question 34

what is the structure of ionic bonds?

Answer 34

Ionic bonds holds ions in a lattice structure.

Question 35

what is covalent bonding ?

Answer 35

covalent bonding is when an atoms share 1 or more electrons with each other to form a physical bond. A covalent bond formed between two nonmetals.

Question 36

what does 2e stand for ?

Answer 36

2e stands for a single bond.

Question 37

what does 4e stand for ?

Answer 37

4e stands for a double bond.

Question 38

what does 6e stand for ?

Answer 38

6e stands for a triple bond.

Question 39

what does polyatomic stand for?

Answer 39

polyatomic refers too multiple atoms.

Question 40

what does binary stand for?

Answer 40

binary refers to 1 charge.

Question 41

how does the name of nonmetal elements change ?

Answer 41

nonmetals elements change their ending to die ( eg fluorine - fluoride)

Question 42

what does uni / mono mean ?

Answer 42

uni/mono refers to 1.

Question 43

what does bi / di mean ?

Answer 43

bi / di refers to 2.