WW2 testing the waters Flashcards
start to finish years?
Us involvement?
1939- 1945
US: dec 7 1941-1945
4 parts of the treaty of versailles
1) germany looses its empire
2) germany looses its military
* can keep 100,000 many army
3) must pay the allies $33 billion in damages; causes severe economic depression
4) war guilt clause; take full blame
2 things hitler promised
get them out of the depression
make them a world power
3 allie’s, 3 axis + their leaders
allies
1) soviet union- stallin
2) Britain- churchill
3) US- fdr
axis
1) germany- hitler
2) italy- mussolini
3) japan- hirohito
what is mein kampf, what quote was taken out of it that showed hitters plan for world domination
hitlers autobiography: blueprint for future
“those who want to fight, let them fight. those who do not want to fight, do not deserve to live”
why did germany need to fight
had been cheated out of territory by the treaty of versailles
hitlers 2 reasons why germany needs to fight
more living space
not all german speaking people are under the German flag
where did hitler feel the vast amount of territory should come from
poland and russia
expanding east
how big of an army was germany allowed to have
100,000 men
why must germanys rearmament be kept a secret
did not want to anger allie’s. was not allowed.
how did hitler build an army and still obey the treaty.
built up the reserves
called the SS “police officers”
where did hitler get money to raise his army
wealthy german industrialists
where is rhineland located? why did germany want it so badly?
between france and germany
germans lived there but france owned it. if germans live there, they should own it.
when hitler took over rhineland, what did he say his intentions were to the rest of the world.
Germany will never break peace.
we’re hitlers actions in violation of the treaty of versailles
yes
what did france and england do to germany? why not?
nothing
memories from WW1 are still fresh
what did hitler admit would have happened if england and france had gone to war
he would have lost
could hitler have been stopped before the outbreak of the war? IMO.
yes. he would have lost if england and france went to war.
why did hitler want austria
he was born there
how many people died when hitler took austria
0
what happened to the jews in austria
jailed or sent to concentration camps
how many people came under german file without firing a shot
7 million
who was the prime minister of england at this time
chamberlaind
what piece of land did hitler assure chaimberland would be his last.
sudetenland
what did each side get in the munich agreement
germany got sudetenland
england got peace
what does appeasement mean
to give in to an aggressor to keep the peace
what happens to the country of czechoslovakia
it falls
what was the nazi soviet pact
they are not going to fight each other for 10 years
what country was invaded first to start WW11? what was the year?
poland
1939
understanding proaganda
scapegoat: blame others
*jews we’re blamed for all problems
control the media: only let people hear what they want to hear
facism
fascism=extremism
1)extreme nationalism- country is the best
*nation is greater than the individual
2)extreme militarism- warlike
*soldier/warrior is greater than the civilian
3)extreme racism- predujdice
4)extreme imperialism- empire seekers
*goal is to conquer the world
5) almost cult like
*leader is “god like”
order of the 5 countries hitler took over
rhineland
austria
sudetenland
czecslovakia
poland
militarists in japan
lived by the samural code: joining the military was the highest honor. dying in war is the greatest possible honor.
god chose the japanese to conquer asia
japanese felt america wanted to keep them weak and therefore should be destroyed
government controls the media and what was taught in school.
what part of the armed forces was the battle of britain between
air force
battle of britain:
what country had more planes and pilots?
germany
what major technological advantage did britiain have to help them protect their island
radar
what types of targets were the germans bombing at the BEGINNING of the battle
military targets
major mistake hitler made?
hitler was 6 days away from defeating the british air force. britiain bombed german civilians. hitler bombs the british civilians thinking they would surrender, they instead went harder. by the time hitler made this mistake he had to wait a year to cross the english chanel because of the waves.
who won the battle of britiain
britain
how many presidency terms does fdr serve
4
the us was officially
neutral
how did the US build up their defenses
1) military spending increased
2)hold a draft
cash and carry
britain could buy us weapons as long as they paid in cash and transported them in their own ships. do not want a repeat of WW1
lend lease act
britain has no more cash. the LLA said the US could loan weapons to any country whose defense is vital to the us
what is the einsatzgrupprn
3 problems according to hitler?
mobile killing squads
killed over 1 million in 6 months
1)waste of ammo
2) too personal for the executioners. psychological taxing
3)not fast enough
what is the date of pearl harbor
december 7, 1941
describe pearl harbor
by 1941 japan started building their empire
the us responded by cutting off trade
the major good we cut off is oil. japan got 100% of their oil from the us.
they suprise attacked us
within 2 hrs: 2400 americans killed. 1700 wounded
Japanese goal :
knock us out of the war before we could get in
greatest loss of life was on the USS arizona. half the people killed on this ship
4 days later. germany and italy declare war on us. (hitlers 3rd mistake)
we only wanted to declare on japan.
what is a japanese intermittent camp?
why are they placed in these camps?
concentration camp
racism/discrimination
why did the nazis hate the jews
1) the jews killed jesus
2) the jews are blamed for loosing WW1
3)jews are blamed for the depression
4) jews are subhuman
2 reasons why jews didn’t leave europe when germany was starting to invade
-other countries wouldn’t take them
- this was there home. felt they had to die there
how does nazi party make money off the holocost
rent the jews out as slave labor
when did the US gov find out abt the holocaust
1942
where were the largest death camps?
poland
where would jews be sent according to the final solution
death camps
what is the jewish question and answer
question: where do we put the jewish population
answer: final solution
how did the jews get killed(final solution)
gassing
where would the death camps be located
eastern europe so german citizens don’t get offended by death on a gigantic scale
what did ghetto life look like
-run down building
-sharp glass in the concrete
-barbed wire
-nazi guards w machine guns
left point meant
right point meant
left: instant death
right: few days or weeks to live
who was immediately sent to death
children
-elderly, pregnant, handicapped
how did nazis trick jews into getting in the gas chambers
labeled the gas chambers as a shower
what happened to the sky’s above the camp
dark with clouds of smoke
where did a prisoner tell a little girl her mom was
in the smoking gas chamber
how did the nazis profit off of the death of the jews
-took the jews belongings/valuables
-golden teeth yanked out
-fat from corpses was boiled into soap
-target practice
-human skin into lamps
other ways prisoners were killed by guards
-target practice
-starvation
-brown babies with mom watching
-games of tag, loosers got shot
3 medical experiments performed by nazis
changing eye color- inject dye into eyes
gives high doses of radiation
operated without anesthetic to see how much pain they could endure
how much water until their lungs burst
how many jews were killed in the holocaust
more than 6 million
many of the top nazi leaders were put on ____ for their actions
trial
what was the defense many people used for taking part in the holocaust
“merely following orders”
what happened to germany after WW11
it was in ruins
few jobs, poverty, despair and humiliation
how long was the german empire supposed to last?
1,000 years
what year did hitler invade the soviet union
1941
why was the war in europe and north africa a big surprise for the world to see?
nazi-soviet pact
what had stopped hitler in his tracks just outsdie of moscow and leningrad
bitter cold
how much of stalingrad did the german army control at one time?
9/10
what happened that allowed the soviets to begin a massive counterattack
-another winter
-cold allowed them to roll tanks in
as the germans were surrounded what were hitlers orders
“stay and fight, i won’t go back from the volga”
how many soviets died protecting stalingrad
1,100,000
why was the war in europe and north africa a turning point in the war
germaine empire starts to shrink
what continent did the allie’s liberate first in Ww11
africa
who was the commander of the allied forces
dwight D eisenhaur
what was the next country that the allie’s decided to liberate
italy
what world leader lost control of his country in 1943
mussolini
who had larger empire at the height of their power: germany or japan?
japan
what is the significance of midway
turning point in the war. japanese empire starts to shrink
date of D-Day
6/6/44
2 beaches US landed at? which had most killings?
Utah and Omaha
Omaha
when did the japanese know they could not win the war? how do we know?
summer 1944
mass suicide
what is a kamikaze
suicide bomb
explain saipan, iwo jima, okinawa
Saipan: June 1944
-japanese are not surrenduring, mass suicides (abt 10,000)
-shameful to surrender
Iwo Jima: Feb 1945
*famous for flag raising picture
-learn they are not surrendering
-20k japanese killed, 6k americans killed
Okinawa: May 1945
-last island before japan
-they are not surrendering
-unleash 1900 kamikazes
- sink 35 ships, kill 5k civilians
-america looses 12,500 japan looses 110,000
japans protection against an invasion?
kamikaze
what is the manhattan project
develops the bomb
how many american casualties if they invade japan
1 million
people against using the bomb?
why?
eisenhower:
1) morally wrong
2)unecceary, japan is gonna surrender
3) world might turn against us
president truman
didn’t know about bomb until he came president
truman couldn’t say no
truman and churchill wanted to use bomb
how many japanese are supposed to fight and die?
1 million
name of the plane that drops the bomb? pilot? bomb name?
enola gay
paul tibet’s
little boy
soviet union and bomb
they are next us enemy. we dropped the bomb to scare the SU
idea of “we built/spent money on the bomb”
2.5 billion spent
just a weapon
we built it, why not use it
unconditional surrender with Japan
evidence japan was trying to surrender all summer with one condition. They get to keep their exporer. Us says no, drops 2 bombs. Japan surrenders but keeps their emporer
veterans and POWS of japan war
95% of vets say truman saved their life
because they didn’t have to invade
reasons US picked hiroshima and nagasaki to bomb
-industrialized
-military target
-high population
hiroshima- aug 6, 1945. 130,000kill
nagasaki- aug 9, 1945. 40,000 kill
