Words

Question 1

What is a written word? Orthographic

Answer 1

A string of letter bounded by a space at each end or punctuation mark at each end

Question 2

What is a spoken word? Phonological

Answer 2

Allows only one main stress and is bounded by pauses

Question 3

What are the problems with the written word definition?

Answer 3

Not all languages mark word boundaries

irregularities such as cannot

Non-literate cultures can still isolate words in speech

Question 4

What are the problems with the spoken word definition?

Answer 4

Hard to identify boundaries sometimes

Some phrases only have one stressed syllable but aren’t all one word

Question 5

Define lexeme

Answer 5

Abstract, basic, uninflected form of a word (found in dictionary)

eg. eat

Question 6

Define lexical item

Answer 6

One individual inflexion form of a lexeme

eg. eating

Question 7

Define lemma

Answer 7

The whole set of inflectional variations of a word

eg. eating, eaten, ate

Question 8

Define mental lexicon

Answer 8

The large complex network which stores lexical entries in our brains

Question 9

How are words organised in our mental lexicon?

Answer 9

Theory that they’re arranged on a systematic basis

Question 10

Define semantic network

Answer 10

The links we make between words and their meanings, creating a network

Question 11

What is the prototype theory and who came up with it?

Answer 11

Rosch and Mervis, 1975

Conceptual theory (bird) is represented by a prototype

Question 12

Define prototype

Answer 12

An average of all of the exemplars in a category

Not all real, just abstract

Question 13

How can we understand how words are stored?

Answer 13

Slips of the tongue, theoretical linguistics, speech disorders, psychological experiments

Question 14

What are the 3 headings for lexical entry?

Answer 14

Form, Syntax and Meaning

Question 15

What comes under the lexical entry heading Form?

Answer 15

Orthographical, Phonological and Morphological

Question 16

What comes under the lexical entry heading Syntax?

Answer 16

Word class and Phrase structure

Question 17

What comes under the lexical entry heading Meaning?

Answer 17

Core meaning and differs from meanings of…

Question 18

Define inflectional morphology

Answer 18

Morphemes used to mark grammatical functions and properties

Question 19

Define derivational morphology

Answer 19

Morphemes used to create a new lexeme.

Two types, class changing and class maintaining

Question 20

Give 3 differences between derivational and inflectional morphology

Answer 20

1. Infl. is always suffixational, deriv. is not
2. Deriv. changes part of speech, infl. doesn’t change part of speech
3. Deriv. is not syntactically relevant, infl. is

Question 21

Define lemma

Answer 21

The group of all lexical items and the lexeme

Question 22

Define content words

Answer 22

Those that are open class and carry meaning

eg. Nouns

Question 23

Define function words

Answer 23

Those that are closed class and carry grammatical meaning

eg. Conjunctions

Question 24

What’s the difference between content and function words in terms of processing?

Answer 24

Function requires matching to a phonological sequence stored in the brain, content requires matching and meaning to be accessed

Question 25

What are the 3 types of verb constructions and their definitions?

Answer 25

Intransitive - no direct object

Transitive - one direct object

Ditransitive - two objects