What in the world?

Question 1

What years where the so called “Wars of Religion” in France?

Answer 1

1562–98

Question 2

What was the last War of Religion in France and when did it occur?

Answer 2

War of the Three Henrys (1587–89).

Question 3

Who were eponymous Henrys in the “War of the Three Henrys”? And what were their religious beliefs?

Answer 3

• The moderate but devious King Henry III,
• The ultra-Roman Catholic Henri I de Lorraine, 3e duc de Guise, and
• The Huguenot leader Henry of Bourbon, king of Navarre and heir presumptive to the French throne (the future Henry IV).

Question 4

What was the name of the Scottish Calvinist preacher who wrote “The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women”?

Answer 4

John Knox

Question 5

What was the name of the 1560 treaty which removed French forces from Scotland?

Answer 5

Treaty of Edinburgh (1560), which removed French forces from Scotland.

Question 6

What was the name of the plot to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I of England in favour of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots?

Answer 6

The Ridolfi Plot

Question 7

When was the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 7

1570–71

Question 8

Which European leaders did Ridolfi seek assistance from in order to try to overthrow Queen Elizabeth?

Answer 8

• Pope Pius V,
• Philip II of Spain
• The Duke de Alba, Spanish governor-general of the Netherlands.

Question 9

How was Ridolfi’s plot exposed?

Answer 9

Ridolfi’s plot was exposed in April 1571 when his messenger, Charles Baillie, was arrested at Dover, Kent carrying incriminating letters.

Question 10

What was the name of the Scottish Roman Catholic bishop and historian and adviser of Mary Stuart, queen of Scots who was involved in plots to overthow Elizabeth I?

Answer 10

John Leslie

Question 11

Who was Mary Queen of Scots to be married to as part of the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 11

Thomas Howard, 4th duke of Norfolk

Question 12

What year did Philip II of Spain die?

Answer 12

1598

Question 13

Who were the parents of Philip II of Spain

Answer 13

Philip was the son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal

Question 14

Who were the four wives of Philip II of Spain?

Answer 14

1. His cousin Maria of Portugal in 1543.
2. In 1554 Philip married Mary I of England
3. Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559,
4. In 1570 Philip married Anna of Austria, daughter of his first cousin the emperor Maximilian II.

Question 15

What was the name of the 1559 treaty which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France?

Answer 15

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)

Question 16

What kingdoms did Philip II receive on the occasion of his marriage to Mary of England?

Answer 16

The kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.

Question 17

What was the name of Philip II’s palace in Madrid?

Answer 17

El Escorial

Question 18

What was the Eighty Years’ War and when did it take place?

Answer 18

Eighty Years’ War, (1568–1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain.

Question 19

What was the name of the 1572 massacre of Protestants (Huguenots) in France?

Answer 19

The St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.

Question 20

Who proclaimed in 1580 that it would be “no sin to rid the world of such a miserable heretic”?

Answer 20

Pope Gregory XIII

Question 21

Which Protestant leader was assassinated in 1584?

Answer 21

William of Orange

Question 22

What is the name of the 1586 plot to kill Elizabeth?

Answer 22

The Babington Plot

Question 23

In what were letters found, which established Mary Queen of Scot’s complicity in the effort to depose Elizabeth, leading to Mary’s trial, conviction, and execution?

Answer 23

Coded letters smuggled inside a beer barrel

Question 24

What was the name of the 1585 treaty by which England undertook to support the Dutch rebels against Spanish rule?

Answer 24

Treaty of Nonsuch (1585)