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GEOG 1000 > Weeks 4&5 Content > Flashcards

Weeks 4&5 Content Flashcards

1
Q

air

A

odorless, colorless, tasteless and formless mix of N, O, Ar, CO2, and other trace gases

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2
Q

air pressure

A

made by motion, size, and # of gas molecules in air and exerted on surfaces

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3
Q

environmental lapse rate

A

rate of temperature decrease with increasing altitude in lower atmosphere (normal rate 6.5*C/km)

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4
Q

homosphere

A

(lower) part of atmosphere that contains an even (homogenous) mixture of gases

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5
Q

heterosphere

A

part of atmosphere above mesopause, separate (heterogenous) layers of gases. Includes ionosphere

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6
Q

ionosphere

A

atmosphere area where gamma, x-ray, and some UV radiation is absorbed, converted into longer wavelengths. Solar wind stimulates the auroras

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7
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion, stated as temperature

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8
Q

mesosphere

A

upper region of homosphere, designated by temperature criteria, rarified

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9
Q

noctilucent clouds

A

shining band of ice crystals that glow at high altitudes after sunset, formed in mesosphere, cosmic & meteoric dust form the crystals

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10
Q

stratosphere

A

part of homosphere 20-50km above surface, ozonosphere is here

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11
Q

thermosphere

A

part of heterosphere from 80-480km, contains ionosphere

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12
Q

tropopause

A

top zone of troposphere where -57*C is

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13
Q

What are the 2 compositional layers of the atmosphere

A

homosphere (80km-earth surface) & heterosphere (80km-480km)

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14
Q

What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere by temperature?

A

Thermosphere

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the homosphere by temperature?

A

mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere

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16
Q

What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere by function?

A

ionosphere (absorbs short wavelengths and converts to kinetic energy

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17
Q

What are the 2 main atmospheric zones regarding function?

A

Ionosphere & Ozonosphere

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18
Q

What are the 4 main atmospheric profiles regarding temperature? (in order from farthest to closest to earth’s surface)

A

Thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere

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19
Q

What are the atmospheric temperature profiles that are found within the homosphere?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere

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20
Q

What are the atmospheric temperature profiles that are found within the heterosphere?

A

thermosphere

21
Q

Describe the ozonosphere

A

made of oxygen, absorbs UV which makes it heat up & protects us from short/ medium wavelengths

22
Q

what is the largest source of air pollution in the US & Canada?

A

motor vehicle transportation

23
Q

What sources contribute most to sulfur oxide and particulate pollution?

A

stationary pollution sources (power plants)

24
Q

how is photochemical smog created

A

sunlight and combustion products from car exhaust (mostly NO’s and VOC’s)

25
Q

what is industrial smog

A

pollution from coal burning (smog = smoke + fog is acceptable)

26
Q

what are sulfate aerosols

A
27
Q

what are aerosols/ particulates

A

fine solid/ liquid particles that pollute air (haze, smoke, dust)

28
Q

_______ particles are more dangerous to human health than ________ particles

A

fine, coarse

29
Q

3 main natural factors that affect pollutants

A

winds, landscape, and temp inversions

30
Q

which pollutant contributes most to ozone formation

A

VOC’s

31
Q

What are the effects of ground level ozone?

A

negative health effects & can kill/ damage plants

32
Q

where is there an energy surplus in the troposphere?

A

between the tropics (insolation is high)

33
Q

where is there an energy deficit in the troposphere?

A

polar regions (high albedo, low insolation)

34
Q

where is there an energy balance in the troposphere?

A

36* latitude

35
Q

when is the warmest time of day?

A

between 3-4pm because max insolation absorbed then

36
Q

what are the impacts of low/ thick clouds on the energy budget?

A

atmosphere cooling (low albedo)

37
Q

what are the impacts of high/ thin clouds on the energy budget?

A

atmospheric cooling (re-radiates longwave energy)

38
Q

what is microclimatology?

A

energy exchanges at earth’s surface

39
Q

net radiation

A

sum of all radiation gains and losses

40
Q

does water or land heat/ cool faster?

A

land

41
Q

contents of atmosphere 1

A

water vapor & CO2

42
Q

contents of atmosphere 2

A

water vapor -> oceans, CO2, H2O, and NH3

43
Q

contents of atmosphere 3

A

O3 + N2

44
Q

More atmospheric height means _____ pressure and _____ density

A

LESS & LESS

45
Q

4 influences of air pressure

A

air movement, mass/ weight, density, gravity

46
Q

where is the ionosphere located?

A

thermo-mesosphere

47
Q

where is the ozonosphere located?

A

stratosphere

48
Q

sources of CO2 ____ greenhouse gases, sinks of CO2 reduce them.

A

increase, reduce

GEOG 1000 (5 decks)

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