week 4 set 2 Flashcards
compare nervous and endocrine system
nervous system: commands are short-lived// sends action potential then a neurotransmitter (hormone) is released
endocrine: is coordinated with that of the nervous system to provide an integrated control of all body systems throughout our lifespan. (long-term)// commands through hormones
BOTH aim to maintain control over homeostasis
cell surface and intracellular receptors
are specific to the hormone
water soluble receptors= on cell surface has indirect effect
fat soluble recpetors= inside cell, has direct effect (on DNA)
Peptide hormones
are chains of amino acids joined together. They are water soluble
Amine hormones
synthesised from a single amino acid (quite often tyrosine). They are water soluble
Steroid hormones
are derived from cholesterol. They are fat/lipid soluble. Examples include aldosterone, cortisol, calcitriol, testosterone, oestrogens and progesterone.
what is the anatomical position of the hypothalamus in re to putiritary gland
hypothalamus= superior
how does the hypothalamus control the release of posterior pituitary hormones
1) hypothalamus produces ads & oxytocin which travel down nerves into PPituitaryG and releases those hormones
2) secretion of hormones to control the activity of the anterior lobe of PG
3) via direct nervous control
how does the hypothalamus control the release of anterior pituitary hormones
hypothalamus releases hormone either a releasing hormone or inhibiting hormone and APG will make and release their own hormones based on instructions given
posterior pituitary gland hormones and their function
oxytocin: controls uterus contraction during onset labour and milk production from lactating breast
positive feedback loop
anti-diuretic hormone: regulated how much water is loss through urination and retained
thyroid gland hormones
thyroid hormones and calcitonin
Thyroid hormone functions
- Increase basal metabolic rate
- Increased metabolic rate means increased heat production
- Stimulate protein synthesis and usage of fuels (to make ATP)
- Enhanced sympathetic activity (e.g. ↑HR and ↑BP)
- Essential for normal growth and development
Human growth hormone (hGH)
it promotes growth of body tissues.
also help uptake of carbohydrates (can be released during bad sleep)
adrenal glands anatomical position
superior to kidneys
two areas of adrenal glands
cortex and medulla
hormones of adrenal glands medulla and there function
stress hormone which sympathetic ANS
