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NGD > Week 4- Childhood Growth and Development > Flashcards

Week 4- Childhood Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Speech development is predictive of..

A

cognitive development.

Gross motor development is least predictive of cognitive outcome

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2
Q

What are late-diagnosed FASD children more at risk of?

A

disrupted school experience (65% vs. 30%)

Confinement (50% vs. 30%)

EtOH and drug problems (35% vs.15%)

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3
Q

When can formal intelligence testing begin?

A

4.5 y.o

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4
Q

What to do with a preschooler with speech and language delay?

A

Expressive only: refer to speech language pathologist

Expressive and receptive

  • with unusual social behaviour–> consider ASD
  • delays in many areas –> refer for developmental intervention
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5
Q

What is the difference between personality and temperament? What are the different kinds of temperament?

A

Personality you’re born with, temperament you develop. Temperament includes your response to new situations, regularity of biological functions, adaptability

  • Easy: 40%
  • Slow-to-warm: 10%
  • Difficult: 15%
  • mixed
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6
Q

What are the social and cognitive levels of play?

A

Social:

  • playing alone
  • paralell play
  • interactive play

Cognitive

  • functional play (running, jumping, gathering, dumping)
  • constructive play (blocks, playdoh, painting)
  • dramatic/imaginary play (role playing)
  • games with rules (tag)
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7
Q

What are developmental red flags for ASD?

A
  • no babbling by 12 months (normal is ~ 6)
  • no gesturing by 12 months (waving, pointing)
  • no single words by 18 months (normal is 12)
  • no 2 word phrases by 18 months
  • loss of social or language milestones at any age
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8
Q

What percentage of ASD cases are part of a genetic syndrome?

A

15%

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9
Q

What are normal receptive and expressive language features of preschoolers?

A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

How much brain growth happens between age 2 and 6?

A

The brain is

  • 30% at birth
  • 70% at 2
  • 90% at 6

Corpus callosum grows rapidly btw 3-6 y.o and then again in adolescence

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12
Q

What is intelligence?

A

“the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment”

…something you are born with, not something that is instilled….

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13
Q

Elements of a pyschoeducational assessment?

A

IQ testing

Acheivement testing

Adaptive skills

Executice function

Memory

Language

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14
Q

what are the 5 reported scores of intelligence tests

A

verbal reasoning

non-verbal reasoning

working memory

processing index

full scale IQ score

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15
Q

What does intelligence predict?

A
  • success in school in work better than any other mesaure
  • school performance
  • acquiring new skills
  • financial success to some extent
  • NOT happiness
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16
Q

What are some examples of adpative behaviour?

A

dressing, looking before crossing the street, accepting criticism, making the bed etc…..

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17
Q

How many new words does a 6 y.o learn per day?

A

up to 20!

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18
Q

What are examples of higher level language?

A

figurative language, inferences- can get these in middle childhood

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19
Q

When do children start comparing themselves to others?

A

~ 6 y.o

preschoolers all think they are aMazing

20
Q

What did the minnesota child study find?

A

3 things that improve child outcomes:

  1. relieve family stressors (e.g. poverty, food security)
  2. connect parents to child’s school
  3. connect parents socially within their community
21
Q

symptoms of thyroid hormone deficiency vs. adrenal insufficiency

A

thyroid: cold intolerance, wt gain, constipation
adrenal: hypoglycemia, hypotensin, poor healing

ADH: nocturia

22
Q

midparental height calculation

A

boys: (mom + dad + 13 cm)/2

girls (mom+ dad - 13cm)/2

23
Q

How much should children grow before puberty an during puberty?

A

at least 4 cm/yr prior to puberty, 8-10 cm/yr in puberta

24
Q

What is an ‘acceptable’ delay in bone age for a child with constitutional delay?

A

2-2.5 yrs…a child with endocrinopathies would have more profound delay

25
Q

a low dose acth stim test is for….a high does is for….

A

low dose: is for central (=secondary= pituitary)

high dose is for peripheral (=primary= adrenals)

26
Q

if a child has a low weight their IGF-1 levels follow their nutritional status

A
27
Q

When can a learning disorder be diagnosed?

A

~ 6 y.o…before that can get an idea of risk only

N.B: learning disorders are not intellectual disabilities

28
Q

How many areas of development should a child be delayed in to diagnose with “global development delay”

A

two or more.

The domains are (x6):

  • Cognition
  • Communication
  • Fine motor/Visual
  • Gross motor
  • Social emotional
  • Adaptive
29
Q

What areas are acheivement scores for?

A

Reading

Writing

Math

30
Q

Intelligence and Acheivement scores often reflect…

A

adaptive scores

31
Q

Do children outgrow learning disorders?

A

I don’t know…but the practice questions say to avoid telling parents this.

32
Q

What are the craniofacial features of FASD?

A

short palpebral fissures

flattened philtrum

thin upper lip

33
Q

Which drugs cause IUGR?

A

Most

EtOH is also a strong physical and CNS teratogen (tobacco, cocaine, opiates not necesarily)

34
Q

Childhood amnesia occurs until approximately what age?

How long does the visual system continue to develop after birth?

A

3 y.o

3 y.o

35
Q

What is the “principle of equipotentiality”? “principle of mass action”? “Hebb’s postulate”

A

equipotentiality: any part of the brain is as likely to be responsible for memory as any other

principle of mass action: the more cortical bulk you remove the more likely you are to have memory loss

Hebb’s postulate: cells that wire together fire together

36
Q

What is long term potentiation?

A

Increased frequency of stimulation increases the magnitude of the response (NMDA channels open)

The opposite is long-term depression (AMPA channels removed)

37
Q

What is the etiology of ADHD?

A

strong evidence of a genetic component

38
Q

Long term and short term memory are NOT stored in discrete areas of the brain

A
39
Q

Are DM and chronic lead poisoning associated with attentional difficulties in children?

A

lead poisoning is, DM is not.

40
Q

When do children start reading chapter books?

A

8 y.o

41
Q

Do GH and thyroid hormones play a role in in utero growth?

A

No- insulin and IGF-1 seems to be more important.

42
Q

GH release (GnRH pulsatilty) increased by:

A

sleep

stress

exercise

hypoglycemia

****thyroid hormones have a persmissive effect on GH release

43
Q

GH deficiency may manifest as…

A

hypoglycemia, short stature, delayed bone age, delayed tooth eruption (n is 30 months)

44
Q

What is the clinical picture of thyroid hormone deficiency?

A

short stature, delayed puberty, delayed bone age, cold intolerance, dry skin, fatigue, increased sleep, obesity

45
Q

Cortisol deficiency clinical picture

Cortisol excess clincal picture

A

fatigue, weakness, GI problems, circulatory collapse, weight loss

N.B always replace cortisol BEFORE thyroid

Excess: growth retardation, central obesity, HTN, skin thinning

NGD (5 decks)

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