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Research Methods > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

Conducting a literature search Part 2: Searching library databases

1
Q

What is Google Scholar?

A

A freely accessible search engine that indexes full-text or metadata of scholarly literature, including peer-reviewed articles, books, and conference presentations.

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2
Q

What does PubMed index?

A

PubMed indexes the NLM Medline and other journals, as well as ebooks.

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3
Q

What type of journals does Medline index?

A

Medline indexes peer-reviewed journals and can be accessed via PubMed or EBSCO.

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4
Q

What field of research does CINAHL specialize in?

A

CINAHL specializes in nursing and allied health and can be accessed via EBSCO.

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5
Q

What is ERIC, and who sponsors it?

A

ERIC is an education research and information database sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education and is accessible via EBSCO.

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6
Q

What kind of research does the Cochrane Library focus on?

A

The Cochrane Library focuses on systematic reviews and clinical trials.

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7
Q

What does the Campbell Collaboration provide?

A

The Campbell Collaboration provides systematic reviews of health policies.

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8
Q

What type of journals does ScienceDirect index?

A

ScienceDirect indexes journals published by Elsevier.

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9
Q

What type of journals can be found on Wiley Online?

A

Wiley Online provides access to journals published by Wiley.

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10
Q

What does MeSH stand for in PubMed searches?

A

MeSH stands for Medical Subject Headings.

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11
Q

Why are MeSH searches effective in PubMed?

A

MeSH searches are effective because they allow users to search an entire topic rather than specific words or phrases.

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12
Q

How does MeSH help in generating search results?

A

MeSH helps generate more relevant findings, including unexpected results.

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13
Q

Can you combine topics in a MeSH search?

A

Yes, combining topics (e.g., cancer + ultrasound) can provide even more specific results.

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14
Q

Which database is best for MeSH searching?

A

PubMed is the best database for MeSH searching, and it contains a built-in thesaurus.

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15
Q

What is the first tip for searching databases with subject headings?

A

Search one concept at a time.

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16
Q

Why should you map terms to subject headings and read scope notes?

A

To ensure you understand the context and meaning of the subject headings.

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17
Q

What does it mean to “look at the subject headings in the full tree”?

A

It means to explore where the subject heading fits within the hierarchy of related terms.

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18
Q

When should you go broader with subject headings in database searches?

A

When in doubt, to increase sensitivity and capture more results.

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19
Q

How should you combine subject headings for a more comprehensive search?

A

Combine subject headings with free text for broader coverage.

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20
Q

What tool should you use to combine terms in database searches?

A

Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT).

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21
Q

How can you gather more relevant subject headings and free text terms?

A

From relevant results in your search.

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22
Q

What tool is recommended for saving search results?

A

Zotero.

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23
Q

Why is it important to save your search history?

A

To track your search strategies and easily revisit previous searches.

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24
Q

What should you generally record when documenting your searches?

A

Record decisions around databases searched, words used (including truncation and limiting), language or publication type limits, search result numbers, and the date of each search.

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25
Q

Why is it important to document which databases you searched?

A

To track where you searched and to replicate or refine the search in the future.

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26
Q

What search details should you document regarding the words used?

A

Document the specific words, how you used them (e.g., truncation, specific search fields).

27
Q

What types of limits should you record when documenting your searches?

A

Limits such as language, publication type, or year.

28
Q

Why is it important to record the search results?

A

To track how many references were found during the search.

29
Q

What should you note about the timing of your searches?

A

Record the date when you performed each search.

30
Q

How can saving your searches in different databases help?

A

It helps you keep track of your search strategies and allows you to retrieve and update previous searches.

31
Q

What does it mean if your search yields no results?

A

It typically means you have too many or poorly chosen keywords, making the search too specific.

32
Q

What is a common reason for getting too many search results?

A

You have too few keywords, leading to overly broad results.

33
Q

How can you handle a search that returns no results?

A

Broaden the search by using fewer or more general keywords.

34
Q

How can you manage a search that returns too many results?

A

Narrow the search by adding a few more relevant keywords to filter down the results.

35
Q

What are some key areas to modify when adjusting text words or MeSH headings in a search?

A

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design.

36
Q

Why is it important to check the keywords of relevant literature identified in a search?

A

To refine and improve your search strategy by using keywords that are effective in previous studies.

37
Q

How can existing literature or systematic reviews help in your search?

A

They can provide useful search tips and strategies to improve your results.

38
Q

Why is using reference manager software essential when saving database search results?

A

It helps efficiently organize and store your citations, articles, and PDFs.

39
Q

Who benefits the most from using reference manager software?

A

Anyone engaging in a serious literature review or research project.

40
Q

How does reference manager software help with assignments?

A

It eliminates the need for typing and re-typing references, streamlining the citation process.

41
Q

What is the advantage of learning to save and organize data in reference manager software?

A

It allows you to assess and manage the content you gather during research.

42
Q

What is peer review?

A

Peer review is a process for evaluating research studies before they are published by an academic journal.

43
Q

Who submits research articles to a journal for peer review?

A

A group of scientists who have completed a study and written it up in the form of an article.

44
Q

Who reviews the submitted article in the peer review process?

A

The journal’s editors send the article to several scientists who work in the same field, known as the “peers.”

45
Q

What do peer reviewers do with the submitted article?

A

They provide feedback on the article and advise the editor whether the study is of high enough quality to be published.

46
Q

What happens after the peer reviewers give feedback on an article?

A

The authors may revise their article based on the feedback and resubmit it for further consideration.

47
Q

In the traditional publishing model, who approaches the publishers?

A

Academics approach publishers with papers they’d like to publish.

48
Q

Who pays for the peer review process in the traditional publishing model?

A

The publisher pays for the peer review process.

49
Q

After a paper is published, who owns it in the traditional model?

A

The publisher owns the paper.

50
Q

How do users access papers in the traditional publishing model?

A

Users pay to access the paper after it has been published.

51
Q

What does “Open Access” mean in publishing?

A

It means the article is free for the end user to access.

52
Q

How is Open Access publishing funded?

A

The researcher pays to submit the paper, which covers the peer review process.

53
Q

Who benefits from Open Access publishing?

A

The end user benefits because the article is freely accessible.

54
Q

Are traditional journals adopting the Open Access model?

A

Yes, more traditional journals are following the Open Access model.

55
Q

How have predatory open access journals compromised the Open Access model?

A

They accept money from authors but do not peer review the submitted articles.

56
Q

What makes predatory open access journals harmful?

A

The lack of peer review renders the articles useless, and these journals are notorious for publishing “junk science.”

57
Q

Why is peer review important in scientific publishing?

A

Peer review ensures that articles are of high quality and reliable for the scientific community.

58
Q

What is one warning sign of a predatory journal regarding their outreach?

A

They aggressively reach out to researchers to submit papers.

59
Q

What should raise a red flag if a journal agrees to publish your article?

A

The journal agrees to publish your article for a fee before reviewing it.

60
Q

How can the peer review process indicate a predatory journal?

A

The time for peer review is extremely short or nonexistent.

61
Q

What is a common tactic predatory journals use to appear credible?

A

They use journal titles similar to prestigious high-impact journals (e.g., New England Journal for Medicine).

62
Q

What is a suspicious practice regarding reviewers in predatory journals?

A

The journal lets you select your own reviewers.

63
Q

How can the editorial board indicate a predatory journal?

A

Members of the editorial board lack qualifications in their field.

64
Q

What kind of impact factor score do predatory journals often cite?

A

They cite bogus impact factors like the Global Impact Factor, Index Copernicus Value, or Universal Impact Factor.

Research Methods (11 decks)

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