Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research Methods > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

Qualitative Research Methods (Part 2)

1
Q

What are the four main types of knowledge syntheses in clinical research?

A

Narrative reviews, scoping reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does qualitative data analysis involve?

A

A broad range of processes and procedures for working with a large body of qualitative data to develop an understanding of people and situations under investigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What philosophical approach is qualitative data analysis usually based on?

A

An interpretive philosophy that guides the examination of data, focusing on meaning, content, and symbolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main purpose of a narrative review?

A

To provide a thorough and critical overview of previously published research on a given topic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are other names for a narrative review?

A

Traditional literature review or umbrella review.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are three advantages of narrative reviews?

A

Help identify key themes, patterns, and trends in studies concerning a topic.
Help identify knowledge gaps.
Assist with setting priorities for future research.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a major limitation of narrative reviews compared to systematic reviews?

A

They are less structured and rigorous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why might narrative reviews be prone to selection bias?

A

They may favor certain studies at the expense of others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What issue arises from the lack of a formal protocol in narrative reviews?

A

They do not specify inclusion/exclusion criteria, selection of final studies, or analysis methods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary purpose of scoping reviews?

A

To map the volume, characteristics, and breadth (scope) of literature on a given topic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What key aspects do scoping reviews focus on?

A

Identifying gaps, conceptual boundaries, working definitions, and mapping evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What types of information can scoping reviews summarize?

A

Evidence maps, policy maps, concept maps, and future research scope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one reason researchers conduct scoping reviews?

A

To identify the types of evidence on a given topic, including peer-reviewed publications, grey literature, and consensus statements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do scoping reviews help with understanding literature?

A

They clarify key terms and concepts in the literature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What aspect of research methods can scoping reviews examine?

A

How research is conducted on a topic, such as observational vs. experimental designs or quantitative vs. qualitative approaches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do scoping reviews assist in identifying future research needs?

A

By identifying knowledge gaps in the existing literature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do scoping reviews help determine regarding systematic reviews?

A

Whether a more rigorous systematic review is appropriate and feasible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of a systematic review?

A

To provide a structured critical assessment of the literature addressing a well-defined, specific question.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main goal of a systematic review?

A

To provide the best possible answers or conclusions based on the available evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is literature for systematic reviews selected?

A

Using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria based on strict protocols.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many researchers are typically required to carry out a systematic review?

A

At least two researchers, ideally three in case a tie-breaking vote is needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is having multiple researchers important in systematic reviews?

A

To resolve areas of disagreement and ensure objectivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does a systematic review typically take to complete?

A

Usually 6–18 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is a meta-analysis different from a systematic review?

A

While often used as a synonym for systematic reviews, a meta-analysis is a distinct knowledge product that combines study results statistically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a meta-analysis aim to achieve?

A

It generates key measures regarding associations or cause-and-effect relationships across multiple studies on a topic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a key feature of a meta-analysis?

A

It goes beyond summarizing studies to perform statistical analyses of the combined results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does positivism/empiricism suggest about reality?

A

A single reality exists that can be counted or measured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the central idea of critical realism?

A

“Reality” exists, but our perception of it is shaped by our experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How does constructivism view reality?

A

Reality is a human and social construction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do critical theories (e.g., anti-racism, class, LGBTQ, feminist) propose about reality?

A

Reality is shaped by oppression, power, and identity struggles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the first key point of focus in analyzing qualitative data?

A

The primary message content.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What aspect of the speaker is analyzed in qualitative data?

A

The attitude of the speaker regarding the content.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What distinction is made about the content in qualitative data analysis?

A

Whether the content represents individual or group ideas/opinions.

34
Q

How do analysts distinguish the type of experiences described in qualitative data?

A

By determining whether the speaker is describing actual vs. hypothetical experiences.

35
Q

What is a “characteristic” in qualitative data analysis?

A

A single item or event in the transcript (e.g., “burnout”).

36
Q

What are “themes” in qualitative data analysis?

A

Ideas or categories that emerge from a grouping of characteristics or data points (e.g., reasons for “burnout” or warning signs of “burnout”).

37
Q

What is “coding” in qualitative data analysis?

A

The process of attaching labels to lines of text so that the researcher can group and compare similar pieces of information.

38
Q

What are “coding nodes” in qualitative data analysis?

A

A labeled file that holds similarly coded lines of text.

39
Q

What is “indexing” in qualitative data analysis?

A

Generating a word list comprising all keywords and their location within the text.

40
Q

What is the first step in qualitative data analysis?

A

Organize the data.

41
Q

What comes after organizing the data in qualitative analysis?

A

Identify a framework for coding.

42
Q

What is the third step in qualitative data analysis?

A

Sort data into the identified framework.

43
Q

How is the framework used in the fourth step of qualitative data analysis?

A

It is used for descriptive analysis

44
Q

What is the final step in qualitative data analysis?

A

Conduct second-order analysis.

45
Q

What is the first task in organizing data for qualitative analysis?

A

Transcribe (type) the data if needed.

46
Q

What does “data cleaning” involve in the context of organizing qualitative data?

A

Removing typos, “whisker words,” and off-topic answers

47
Q

What is a “framework” in the context of qualitative data analysis?

A

A coding plan.

48
Q

What activities help identify a framework for coding?

A

Reading extensively, thinking critically, and looking for patterns.

49
Q

What is an “exploratory framework” in coding?

A

A framework guided by your data.

50
Q

What is an “explanatory framework” in coding?

A

A framework guided by your research question and/or interpretive philosophy.

51
Q

What is the main task in the third step of qualitative data analysis?

A

Code the data.

52
Q

What should you do if outliers start to increase during the sorting process?

A

Modify the framework.

53
Q

Why might the framework need modification during data sorting?

A

To better accommodate emerging patterns or unexpected data.

54
Q

What is the main goal of using a framework for descriptive analysis?

A

To analyze the range of responses in categories

55
Q

What should be identified during descriptive analysis?

A

Recurrent themes.

56
Q

In what type of research might descriptive analysis be the final step?

A

Exploratory qualitative research.

57
Q

What is the purpose of second-order analysis in qualitative research?

A

To conduct explanatory or deeper exploratory analysis of the data.

58
Q

What is one of the first steps in second-order analysis?

A

Notice emergent patterns in the data.

59
Q

What is a respondent cluster in the context of second-order analysis?

A

A grouping of respondents with similar characteristics or responses.

60
Q

How does second-order analysis help answer research questions?

A

By identifying how the data explains or addresses the questions.

61
Q

What is “grounded theory” in second-order analysis?

A

An inductive process of building an explanation based on a single case and applying it to other cases, revising as needed.

62
Q

What are memos used for in the analytical process?

A

To record ideas occurring during the review/analysis of qualitative data, including reasons for key decisions regarding data analysis or coding.

63
Q

What is a researcher diary?

A

A cumulative, day-to-day record of the analysis process, providing the same level of detail as memos.

64
Q

How do memos and researcher diaries differ?

A

Memos are idea-specific records, while researcher diaries are cumulative and cover day-to-day progress.

65
Q

What is the key issue for assessing credibility in qualitative studies?

A

The “truth” value of the findings.

66
Q

What are some solutions for ensuring credibility in qualitative research?

A

Triangulation, peer review, member checking, and memo/decision trail audit.

67
Q

What does transferability focus on in qualitative studies?

A

The applicability of the findings to other contexts.

68
Q

How can transferability be enhanced in qualitative research?

A

Through thick description, ensuring coding saturation, member checking, and using a reflexive journal.

69
Q

What is the main issue addressed under dependability in qualitative studies?

A

Consistency in the research process.

70
Q

What methods improve dependability in qualitative research?

A

Member checking, peer review, and reflexive journal.

71
Q

What is the focus of objectivity in qualitative studies?

A

Achieving neutrality in the findings.

72
Q

What are some ways to enhance objectivity in qualitative research?

A

Member checking, peer review, and maintaining a reflexive journal.

73
Q

What is mixed methods research?

A

A research approach where researchers collect both quantitative and qualitative data in the same study.

74
Q

Why might researchers use mixed methods research?

A

To leverage the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative data for a more comprehensive understanding.

75
Q

What is one common use of mixed methods research?

A

Health program or service evaluation.

76
Q

In what type of research context is mixed methods particularly useful?

A

Complex situational or societal research where context is important.

77
Q

What is triangulation in research?

A

Using multiple sources of data to address a single research question.

78
Q

Through which research approach is triangulation often achieved?

A

Mixed methods research.

79
Q

What are the benefits of triangulation in research?

A

It increases the credibility and validity of results.

80
Q

Why does triangulation enhance research findings?

A

By combining different data sources, it ensures a more comprehensive and robust understanding.

Research Methods (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions