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Biology 110 > W1- Chapter 1 > Flashcards

W1- Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the smallest unit of an element that has chemical properties of an element

A

atoms

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2
Q

all matter is composed of

A

atoms

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3
Q

atoms bonded together to form

A

molecules

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4
Q

polymers formed of many molecules bonded together

A

macromolecules

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5
Q

polymers can be

A

polypeptides

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6
Q

macromolecule examples

A

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, DNA and RNA

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7
Q

simplest unit of life, surrounded by a membrane and contains a variety of molecules and macromolecules

A

cells

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8
Q

unicellular

A

containing one cell

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9
Q

multicellular

A

containing more than one cell

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10
Q

in multicellular organisms, many of the same cell associate with each other to form

A

tissues

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11
Q

in complex multicellular organisms, what is composed of two or more types of tissue

A

organs

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12
Q

biologists classify as belonging to a particular species and a living thing

A

organism

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13
Q

a group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment

A

population

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14
Q

an assemblage of populations of different species

A

community

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15
Q

formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environment

A

ecosystem

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16
Q

all places on Earth where living things exist

A

biosphere

17
Q

life is found in the blank, bodies of blank, on land, and in the blank

A

air, water, soil

18
Q

when the parts of an organism interact with each other or the external environment to create novel structures and functions

A

emergent properties

19
Q

the study of how new properties of life arises by complex interactions of its individual parts

A

systems biology

20
Q

what is used to describe the world

A

unity and diversity

21
Q

provides the blueprint for the organization, development, ad function of living things

A

DNA

22
Q

segments of DNA, govern the characteristics or traits of organisms

A

genes

23
Q

most blank are transcribed into a type of RNA molecule called mRNA, then translated into a polypeptide with a specific amino acid sequence

A

genes

24
Q

a molecule consisting of a linear sequence of amino acids, demotes structure

A

polypeptides

25
Q

composed of one or more polypeptides; key role in determining traits

A

protein

26
Q

genetic changes that occur related from the lineage

A

vertical evolution

27
Q

the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another that is not an offspring

A

horizontal gene transfer

28
Q

the complete genetic composition of an organism/species

A

genome

29
Q

what stores information in a stable form, provides continuity from gen. to gen., acts as an instrument of evolutionary change

A

genome

30
Q

what is the primary function of a genome

A

encode the proteome

31
Q

entire protein complement of a cell/organism

A

proteome

32
Q

techniques used to analyze the DNA sequence of the genome of a species

A

genomics

33
Q

allows researchers to analyze the proteome of a single species and compare the proteomes of different species

A

proteomics

34
Q

grouping and classification of species

A

taxonomy

35
Q

provides each species with a unique scientific name

A

binomial nomenclature

36
Q

organisms studied to compare to each other

A

model organisms

37
Q

reducing complex systems to simpler components to understand how the system works

A

reductionism

38
Q

research aimed at understanding how emergent properties arise

A

systems biology

39
Q

collection and analysis of data without the need for a preconceived hypothesis

A

discovery based science

Biology 110 (2 decks)

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