vrrr Flashcards
how can bacteria make us feel ill?
by producing toxins that damage your cells and tissues
give a way that fungi can cause disease ?
-hyphae which grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants causing disease
what is a pathogen?
a microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
list the ways pathogens can be spread ?
- water
- air
- direct contact
what are symptoms of salmonella ?
- diarrhoea
- fever
- vomiting
- stomach cramps
what are symptoms of gonorrhoea?
- pain when urinating
- thick yellow discharge
what are the symptoms of measles ?
- red skin rash
- fever
symptoms of malaria ?
-repeating episodes of fever
how can a virus damage the body ?
by cell damage replicating themselves inside cells then burst into new viruses
what can both bacteria and viruses do ?
may reproduce rapidly inside the body
name the 3 viral disease ?
- measles
- HIV
- TMV
how are measles spread ?
by droplets from an infected person’s sneeze or cough
how can measles by prevented / cured ?
most young children are vaccinated
how is HIV caused ?
spread by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids such as blood sharing needles
what are symptoms of HIV?
flu like symptoms for a few weeks
how can HIV be controlled ?
by antiretroviral drugs that stop the virus replicating in the body
what happens at the late stages of HIV (AIDS)?
bodies immune system becomes badly damaged ad can no longer cope with other infections and cancers
name the 2 bacterial diseases ?
- salmonella
- gonorrhoea
how is gonorrhoea caused ?
STD caused by bacterium
how was gonorrhoea initially be treated ?
antibiotic penicillin until it became resistant
how is gonorreha prevented ?
- condoms
- antibiotics
what is rose black spot?
a fungal disease that’s causes purple or black spots to appear on leaves of roses
how does rose black spot effect plants + spread ?
- affects the growth as photosynthesis is reduced
- spread by water or wind
how can rose black spots be treated ?
- fungicides
- destroying infected leaves
what is TMV ?
widespread plant pathogen affecting many species such as tomatoes
what does TMV leave on plants and what does this mean ?
- discolouration on leaves which means plant cant carry out photosynthesis affecting growth
How the spread of disease can be reduced /prevented?
- being hygienic e.g washing hands
- destroying vectors e.g insecticides destroying habitat so they can no longer breed
- Isolating infected individuals
- Vaccination
What are the pathogens called that causes malaria ?
Protists
What is a mosquito?
The mosquitoes are vectors they pick up the malaria protist when they feed on infected animal
How can the spread of malaria be reduced
- Insecticides or mosquito nets to be protected from mosquitoes
- By stopping the mosquitoes from breeding
