Vocab Test Unit 1 Flashcards
The rules, decisions, and actions that governments take to address various issues and concerns in society. These policies can cover a wide range of topics, such as education, healthcare, the environment, and more, and are intended to guide how a government operates and serves its citizens.
Public Policy
Something that is related to or affects an entire system or a whole, rather than just individual parts. It implies that a problem or issue is not isolated but has deeper roots and impacts across the entire system.
Systematic
A person or group with an interest or concern in a particular issue, project, or organization. ___________ can include individuals, businesses, government agencies, or any entity that has a stake or involvement in a situation.
Stakeholder
Someone who works to influence the decisions and actions of government officials, often on behalf of a specific interest group, organization, or corporation. They do this by advocating for certain policies, legislation, or issues that align with the interests of their clients.
Lobbyist
A previous decision or action that serves as an example or guide for similar situations in the future. It is often used in legal contexts to refer to past court rulings that can influence current and future cases.
Precedent
An economic system where most economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses, rather than by the government. In a ________ _________, prices, production, and distribution of goods and services are determined by supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.
Free-Market Economics
Individuals who advocate for a political philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, limited government intervention, and personal liberty. They often believe in minimal government involvement in both the economy and personal lives.
Libertarian
Government policies and programs that aim to distribute resources, benefits, or opportunities among different groups or regions in society. These policies often seek to reduce economic or social inequalities.
Distributive Policy
The creation and enforcement of rules and restrictions by the government to manage and control various aspects of society, such as business practices, environmental protection, and safety standards.
Restrictive Policy
Government policies and programs that aim to shift resources or wealth from one group of individuals or businesses to another, often with the goal of reducing economic disparities.
Redistributive Property
A set of government programs and social services designed to provide financial assistance and support to individuals or families facing economic hardship or other challenges, such as unemployment benefits, food assistance, and housing aid.
A government program in many countries that provides financial assistance to retired and disabled individuals, as well as survivors of deceased workers. It is funded through payroll taxes and is intended to provide a source of income in retirement.
A government program that provides benefits to eligible individuals or groups as a matter of legal right, based on predetermined criteria. Examples include Social Security and Medicare.
A health insurance program in the United States that primarily provides healthcare coverage to individuals aged 65 and older. It also covers certain younger individuals with disabilities.
Professionals who study and evaluate government policies and programs. They use research and data analysis to provide recommendations to policymakers on how to improve or develop effective policies.
