Vocab Cor C2

Question 1

Homologous series

Answer 1

Series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 2

Structural isomer

Answer 2

Molecules with the same molecular formula

But different structural arrangements of atoms

Question 3

Stereoisomers

Answer 3

Compounds with the same structural formula but with different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 4

Homolytic fission

Answer 4

Breaking of covalent bond
One of the bonded electrons goes to each atom
Forming 2 radicals

Question 5

Radical

Answer 5

Species with unpaired electron

Question 6

Heterolytic fission

Answer 6

Breaking of covalent bond
Both bonded electrons go to one of the atoms
Forms cation (+ve) and anion (-ve)

Question 7

Nucleophile

Answer 7

Atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron deficient atom ore centre where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 8

Electrophile

Answer 8

An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron rich atom or centre where it ACCEPTS a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 9

Polymer

Answer 9

Long molecular chain built up from monomer units

Question 10

Monomer

Answer 10

Small molecule that combines with other monomers to form a polymer

Question 11

Curly arrow

Answer 11

Symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond

Question 12

Volatility

Answer 12

Ease at which liquid turns into a gas

Volatility increases as boiling point decreases

Question 13

Reflux

Answer 13

Continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry

Question 14

Limiting reagent

Answer 14

Substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first

Question 15

Enthalpy

Answer 15

Heat content that is stored in a chemical system

Question 16

Activation energy

Answer 16

Minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking bonds

Question 17

Standard enthalpy change COMBUSTION

Answer 17

Enthalpy change that takes place when ONE MOLE of the substance reacts COMPLETELY with OXYGEN
Under standard conditions
All reactants and products being in their STANDARD STATES

Question 18

Standard enthalpy change FORMATION

Answer 18

Enthalpy change that takes place when ONE MOLE of a compound is formed from its CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS in their STANDARD STATES
Under standard conditions

Question 19

Specific heat capacity

Answer 19

Energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1’C

Question 20

Bond enthalpy

Answer 20

Enthalpy change that takes place when breaking (by homolytic fission) 1mol of a given bond in the molecules of a gaseous series

Question 21

Le Chatelier’s principle

Answer 21

When a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to change the position of the equilibrium will shift to minimise the change

Question 22

Functional group

Answer 22

Part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions