Vitamin/ Co-factors

Question 1

Thiamine (B1)

Answer 1

TPP

PDH, alpha-KGDhse, Transketolase, BCKTDhse

Dry Beriberi
Wet BeriBeri
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 2

Riboflavin (B2)

Answer 2

FMN/FAD

FMN for Complex I of ETC.

FAD: Succinate Dhse, Acyl-CoA Dhse, Dihydrolipol Dhse of PDH and aKGDhse

FMN and FAD: NO Synthase
Dermatitis, Glossitis, Cheilosis

Question 3

Niacin (B3)

Answer 3

NAD/NADPH - Tryptophan

Pellegra, Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Question 4

Biotin (B7)

Answer 4

Pyruvate Carboxylase, AcetylCoA carboxylase, ProprionylCoA carboxylase

Question 5

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Answer 5

Component of CoA and ACP of FA-synthase complex

Question 6

Pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 6

PLP

Microcytic Anemia (no Heme production without B6 for ALA synthase).

Tiredness, irritability, depression, peripheral neuropathy, convulsion

Effects general metabolism. Mainly Amino Acid
metabolism. Generaly for: aminotransferases, decarboxylases, ALA synthase,sphingolipid synthesis, Cystationine Synthase B6 supplement: necessary with TB treatment using
isoniazid/penacillamine

Acetaldehyde (ethanol metabolism) replaces PLP in enzymes. B6 administration: Patients with homocystenuria. Chronic alcoholics.

Question 7

Cobalamine (B12)

Answer 7

Cysteine transfers -

SAM def

THF def

Intrinsic Factor (IF) - via Parietal cell

Coenzyme for:

• Methionine synthase (aka: homocysteine methyltransferase)
• MethylMalonyl CoA mutase

Question 8

Folic Acid (B9)

Answer 8

NTDs

Question 9

Ascorbic Acid (C)

Answer 9

Procollogen Synthesis:

• Prolyl- Hydroxylase/
• Lysyl- Hydroxylase

Dopamine Hydroxylase (with copper) forming
NE (catecholamine)

Question 10

Microcytic Anemia

Answer 10

Deficient: Iron, Copper, B6. Less synthesis of Heme. Lead poisoning.

Question 11

Macrocytic Anemia

Answer 11

Deficient: B12, Folate. Arrests cell in development. Large/ hypersegmented

Question 12

B6/PLP

Answer 12

Transaminases
Decarboxylases
Cystathionine synthase
ALA synthase