Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sensation and Perception > Visual motion class slides > Flashcards

Visual motion class slides Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal pathway:

A

where/how

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventral pathway:

A

what

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four types of motion we perceive

A

a) Real movement
b) Apparent movement
c) Induced movement
d) Movement aftereffect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

apparent motion:

A

The (illusory) impression of smooth motion resulting from the
rapid alternation of objects appearing in different locations in
rapid succession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

apparent motion was first demonstrated by:

A

sigmund exner in 1875

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

induced movement can also be refferred to as:

A

motion capture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe induced movement (motion capture)

A

movement of one object results in the perception of movement in another object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motion Aftereffect (MAE) implies

A

opponent mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MAE neurones must be

A

binocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Motion is

A

a change in position over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simple mechanism to detect local motion can also be called:

A

elementary
motion detector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the components in a simple mechanism to detect local motion (elementary
motion detector)?

A

-two spatial separate inputs
-temporal filters
- a comparator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In an elementary motion detector, the two spatial separate inputs:

A

measure changes across space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In an elementary motion detector, the temporal filters measure changes

A

across time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in an elementary motion detector, the comparator (logical operator):

A

evaluate spatial and temporal changes- coincidence of the original signal from one point in space and delayed signal from a neighbouring point in space leads to a positive output signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

elementary motion detectors work, but

A

don’t cover a very big area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aperture:

A

An opening that allows only a partial view of an
object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Correspondence problem (motion):

A

The problem
faced by the motion detection system of knowing
which feature in frame 2 corresponds to which
feature in frame 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aperture problem:

A

The fact that when a moving
object is viewed through an aperture (or a receptive
field), the direction of motion of a local feature or part
of an object may be ambiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Given that motion within any single aperture (or receptive
field) is ambiguous, how might the visual system correctly
perceive the overall motion of objects?

A

Motion information from several local apertures (or receptive
fields) can be combined to determine the global motion of the
object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

There are several directions of motion within each
aperture that are compatible with the stimulation the
receptor is receiving

A

Whichever possible motion direction is the same in all
apertures is the true global motion direction of the
objec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lesions in magnocellular layers of LGN impair:

A

Perception of large, rapidly moving objects

23
Q

The vast majority of neurons in __ are
selective for motion in a particular direction

A

MT

24
Q

Middle temporal lobe (MT)

A

also plays an
important role in motion perception

25
Q

Motion-sensitive areas in the brain

A

-Motion processing parietal cortex
- Lingual gyrus
-primary visual cortex (V1)
-middle temporal and middle superior temporal areas (V5)

26
Q

Newsome and Pare (1988) conducted a study on

A

motion
perception in monkeys

27
Q

Desribe the study that Newsome and Pare conducted on motion perception in monkeys?

A

Trained monkeys to respons to correlated dot motion displays
-The MT area of the monkeys was lesioned

28
Q

Disadvantages of using lesion studies to study motion (2):

A

(1) Invasive
(2) Lesions may be incomplete or may influence other
structures

29
Q

Movshon & Newsome,
1996

A

Electrical stimulation of MT neurons

30
Q

Electrical stimulation of MT neurons (Movshon & Newsome,
1996) (2):

A
  • Avoids problems of lesion studies
  • Biases motion detection in the direction the MT neuron
    responds to
31
Q

First-order motion:

A

The motion of an object that is defined by
changes in luminance

32
Q

Second-order motion:

A

The motion of an object that is defined
by changes in contrast or texture, but not by luminance

32
Q

Texture-defined (contrast-defined) object:

A
33
Q

Optic array:

A

The collection of light rays that interact with
objects in the world in front of a viewer

34
Q

Optic flow:

A

The changing angular position of points in a
perspective image that we experience as we move
through the world

35
Q

Focus of expansion (FOE):

A

The point in the center of the
horizon from which, when we are in motion, all points in the
perspective image seem to emanate

36
Q

Focus of expansion (FOE) is one aspect of:

A

optic flow

37
Q

The focus of expansion tells the observer

A

which way they
are heading

38
Q

Do drivers only use optic flow to determine their heading?

A

no

39
Q

Biological motion

A
  • movement of person or other
    living organism
40
Q

Point-light walker stimulus -

A
  • biological motion made by
    placing lights in specific places on a person
41
Q

Structure-from-motion takes place with

A

point-light walkers

42
Q

Neurological studies show biological motion is processed in
the

A

superior temporal sulcus (STS)

43
Q

Three sources of movement:

A

Movement of our environment.
* Movement of ourselves in environment.
* Eye movements.

44
Q

Superior colliculus:

A

A structure in the midbrain that is
important in initiating and guiding eye movements

45
Q

When the superior colliculus is electrically stimulated:

A

eye movement results

46
Q

Saccadic suppression:

A

The reduction of visual sensitivity that
occurs when we make saccadic eye movements

47
Q

Saccadic suppression eliminates

A

the smear from retinal
image motion during an eye movement.

48
Q

Sensitivity to visual motion develops

A

over time

49
Q

Infants have

A

some reflexive eye movements at birth

50
Q

adult-like sensitivity to motion does not reach
maturity until about

A

3 to 4 years of age

51
Q

Sensitivity to ___
takes longer to develop

A

motion-defined form and biological motion

52
Q

Akinetopsia:

A

: A rare neurophysiological disorder in which the
affected individual has no perception of motion

53
Q

Akinetopsia is caused by:

A

disruptions to cortical area MT

Sensation and Perception (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions