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BMSc > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

How many true vertebrae are there?

A

24 (pre-sacral)

Still isolated

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2
Q

How many false vertebrae are there?

A

9 (sacral/coccygeal)

fused

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3
Q

Which 2 curvatures of the spine are primary?

A

thoracic

sacral/coccygeal

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4
Q

Which 2 curvatures of the spine are secondary?

A

cervical

lumbar

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5
Q

Which secondary curvature is first to develop?

A

cervical

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6
Q

How are primary curvatures maintained?

A

shape of vertebrae

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7
Q

How do secondary curvatures arise?

A

modification in shape of the IV disc

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8
Q

When does the cervical curvature arise?

A

2-3 months

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9
Q

when does the lumbar curvature arise?

A

6-8 months

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10
Q

What causes loss of secondary curvatures in the elderly?

A

thinning and degeneration of IV discs

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11
Q

Why does lordosis occur in pregnancy?

A

tilting of pelvis due to bump

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12
Q

Which spinal deformity may result from formation of hemivertebrae?

A

scoliosis

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13
Q

what are the three components of the juvenile vertebrae?

A

centrum and 2 hemi neural arches

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14
Q

where is ossification initiated in the centra?

A

dorsal to the notocord

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15
Q

What area of the spine ossifies first? When does this occur?

A

T10-L1

9-10 weeks gestation

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16
Q

Is ossification in the spine uni- or bidirectional?

A

bidirectional

17
Q

What factor stops ossification in the notocord?

A

angiogenic inhibiting factors

18
Q

Why do angiogenic inhibiting factors prevent ossification of of the notocord?

A

endochondral ossification requires arterial supply

19
Q

what is intramembranous ossification?

A

bone arising from mesenchymal template

20
Q

what is endochondral ossification?

A

bone arising from cartilaginous template

21
Q

where are the two initial foci of ossification of the neural arches?

A

lower cervical/upper thoracic

Lower thoracic/upper lumbar

22
Q

what is a synchondroses?

A

primary cartilaginous joint- made of only hyaline cartilage

23
Q

what is a symphysis?

A

2 plates of hyaline cartilage with a plate of fibrocartilage in between

BMSc (3 decks)

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