Valves Flashcards
What sound marks the beginning of systole and end of diastole?
Which valves are closing?
S1 or lub
AV valves(mitral and tricuspid) close during systole.
What sound marks the beginning of diastole & end of systole?
Which valves are closing?
s2 or “dub”
Semilunar (aortic and pulmonic valves) close.
Pulmonary embolism will cause an increase in which heart sound?
S2
Where are s1 and s2 heard best?
S1 - apex of heart, mitral area, 5th ICS, midclavicular
S2 - base of heart, aortic area, 2nd ICS, right sternal border.
what causes s3 to be heard?
What conditions will cause s3 to occur?
S3 is caused by blood rushing rapidly into a dilated ventricle.
S3 is heard in heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, mitral, tricuspid or aortic insufficiency.
What causes S4 to be heard?
What conditions are associated with S4?
Atrial contraction of blood into a noncompliant ventricle.
Occurs right before S1
Associated with myocardial ischemia, infarction, hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, and AORTIC STENOSIS.
What is the formula for pulse pressure??
What is normal pulse pressure?
Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure.
40-60 mmHg (120-80)
Systolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of….
Cardiac output &
Stroke volume
Diastolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of…
Systemic vascular resistance
During which part of the cardiac cycle are coronary arteries perfused?
Diastole
What is the other term for insufficiency?
Is it an acute or chronic problem?
Regurgitation
Occurs when valve is closed.
Can be either acute or chronic.
Stenosis is an acute or chronic problem?
chronic
Occurs when the valve is open.
Why is mitral stenosis associated with a fib?
Atrial enlargement that occurs over time.
Which valves close during systole?
AV - mitral and tricuspid.
Which valves are open during systole?
Aortic and pulmonic.
