Useful pastest knowledge

Question 1

Over-consumption of laxatives- on colonoscopy may show:

Answer 1

melanosis coli (brown or black pigmentation of the colon)

Question 2

Best test performed for diagnosis of achalasia

Answer 2

Oesophageal manometry study- measures pressure

Question 3

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 3

A neuroendocrine GI tumour that releases serotonin. Causes diarrhoea and right sided valvular disease

Question 4

Hypercalcaemia

Answer 4

Emergency in patients with cancer. Symptoms include lethargy, anorexia, nausea, constipation, dehydration, generalised aches.

Question 5

Mesenteric ischaemia

Answer 5

Also known as mesenteric angina.
Post-prandial pain (after eating)
Due to atherosclerosis of branches of the coeliac trunk

Question 6

Boerhavve syndrome

Answer 6

Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus due to vomiting too much

Question 7

Mittleschmertz

Answer 7

Pain from ovulation

Question 8

Uteric calculi

Answer 8

Uteric stone- colicky- loin to groin pain.

Question 9

Ovarian torsion

Answer 9

Sudden pelvic pain, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting

Question 10

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 10

Sexually transmitted disease- usually caused by chlamydia or Gonnorhoea. Pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and fever

Question 11

C-diff

Answer 11

psuedomembranes!