urology

Question 1

Benign prostate hyperplasia definition

Answer 1

It is a non-neoplastic glandular and stromal hyperplasia the transitional zone of the prostate.

Question 2

What will BPH present like?

Answer 2

irritative symptoms
frequency 
urge incontinance 
dysuria 
nocturia 
obstructive symptoms 
urinary retention
incomplete voiding 
post voiding dribbling

Question 3

what are you going to find on exam with BPH

Answer 3

DRE
prostate that is enlarged
describe the the size and shape (is it smooth, irregular, nodularity) describe whether or not it is elastic or rubbery in texture

Question 4

What investigations will help you in BPH?

Answer 4

bedside: urine dip to outrule a UTI
bloods: PSA suspect ca in greater than 4 ng/ml
imaging: abdominal US - prostate volume,urinary rentention, bladder wall thickeness, and hydronephrosis
transrectal US if ca suspected (history or exam or PSA)
special: maximal urinary flow measurements N greater than 15 less than 15 obstruction less than 10 indicates the need for surgery.

Question 5

What is the conservative management for BPH

Answer 5

lifestyle modification:
night time fluid restriction: limit caffeinated drinks and sugary drinks
urination sitting down and ensuring complete bladder emptying

Question 6

What is the medical treatment for BPH

Answer 6

1. alpha blockers

2. 5- alpha redactase inhibitors

Question 7

Name an alpha blocker

Answer 7

doxazosin

Question 8

Name an 5 alpha redactase inhibitor

Answer 8

dutasteride

Question 9

What is the surgical treatment for BPH and what are the indications for surgery

Answer 9

indications for surgery are BPH (moderate with complications or severe BPH with or without complications)
surgery= transurethral resection of the prostate *TURP

Question 10

What is TURP

Answer 10

it is transurethral resection of the prostate using cystoscopic guidance and resection god using cauterisation.