Urine and Body Fluid Analysis

Question 1

Amber-colored urine

Answer 1

suggests concentrated urine; clinical possibilities: dehydration, fever.

Question 2

Brown/yellow brown/beer brown urine

Answer 2

often bilirubin; foods like fava beans, drugs like chloroquine, nitrofuratoin, and metronidazole

Question 3

Bright orange urine

Answer 3

Azo-containing drug (e.g., pyridium), vitamin C, foods high in carotene

Question 4

Red urine

Answer 4

hemoglobin, myoglobin, RBC’s, levodopa/methyldopa

Question 5

Dark red-brown/coca cola urine

Answer 5

myoglobin

Question 6

red purple urine

Answer 6

porphyrins

Question 7

bright yellow urine

Answer 7

high levels of B vitamins

Question 8

Black urine

Answer 8

melanin, homogentisic acid (tyrosine breakdown pathway)

Question 9

Olive green to black green urine

Answer 9

phenol poisoning

Question 10

green urine

Answer 10

pseudomonas infections

Question 11

Blue urine

Answer 11

blue diaper syndrome (abnormal tyrptophan absorption in the intestine. Tryptophan is converted to indole and final indigo by bacterial action)

Question 12

ammonia odor

Answer 12

improper storage or handling; could be UTI

Question 13

Sweet/fruity odor

Answer 13

ketone bodies, DM, starvation, high-fat low-carb diet

Question 14

Maple Syrup odor

Answer 14

MSUD: pts cannot break down leucine, Ile, valine

Question 15

Mousy odor

Answer 15

PKU

Question 16

Rancid odor

Answer 16

tyrosinemia: defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and MR

Question 17

sweaty feet/cheesy/acrid odor

Answer 17

genetic disorder where there is a build up of isovaleric acid

Question 18

Rotten eggs odor

Answer 18

cystinuria

Question 19

decaying fish odor

Answer 19

genetic dz due to abnormal excretion of trimethlamine

Question 20

boiled cabbage odor

Answer 20

hypermethionemia