Urinary system

Question 1

Functionally, urogenital system can be divided into 2 entirely different components: _____ and ____

Answer 1

Urinary system (Kidneys, urethra, bladder)

Genital system (Repro)

Question 2

Urogenital system develop from a ________ (__________)

Answer 2

common mesodermal ridge (intermediate mesoderm)

Question 3

How does intermediate mesoderm end up in retroperitoneal position?

Answer 3

Shifts posteriorly and gets placed behind the peritoneum

Question 4

Intermediate mesoderm becomes ______, which has both _____ and ______

Answer 4

Urogenital ridge

Nephrogenic (urinary system) + Genital (Repro)

Question 5

The three kidney systems develop in a ____ to ____ sequence

Answer 5

cranial to caudal

Question 6

3 parts of the kidney systems?

Answer 6

1. pronephros (Rudimentary, nonfunctional)
2. mesonephros (function or a short time during fetal period)
3. metanephros (forms permanent kidney)

Question 7

Pronephros which is a ______ in humans which appears at _____ in ______ intermediate mesoderm in the cervical region. It degenerates by ____

Answer 7

Nonfunctional
Day 21
segemented
Day 24

Question 8

Mesonephros appears by _____ and it is functional at week _________

Answer 8

Early week 4

week 6-10

Question 9

Mesonephros devlops as __________ segements of intermediate mesoderm.

Answer 9

Thoracolumbar

Question 10

Urine is produced and drains along the ________ to the _______

Answer 10

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

Cloaca/bladder

Question 11

By week 5 ________ regress but the mesonephric kidney continues functioning until _______

Answer 11

thoracic segments

week 10

Question 12

Mesonephric vesicles develop ________

Answer 12

Craniocaudally and becomes Bowmans capsule

Question 13

Mesonephric ducts extend into _______ and fuse with cloaca, contribute to ________

Answer 13

lower lumbar

posterior bladder

Question 14

Mesonephric canalization begins _____ and grows ____

Answer 14

caudally

cranially

Question 15

Mesonephros initiates _______/_______ growth

Answer 15

ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum

Question 16

2 components of Metanephros

Answer 16

1. Collecting portion (ureteric bud, day 28)

2. Excretory portion (Metanephric blastema)

Question 17

Metanephros becomes ______. Begins around _____ and functional at _______

Answer 17

permanent kidney
week 5
week 9-10

Question 18

Ureteric buds induce intermediate mesoderm in ____ region to form a _________ which forms the _____ and ___________

Answer 18

sacral region
Metanephric blastema
Glomeruli and Tubules of the nephrons

Question 19

Reciprocal induction, close proximity to ureteric bud is needed to induce _________. Collecting tubule connects to ________

Answer 19

nephron differentiation

distal convoluted tubules

Question 20

Collecting portion (ureteric bud) becomes… _____________

Answer 20

ureter
renal pelvis
major & minor calyces

Question 21

Excretory portion (metanephric blastema) becomes….________

Answer 21

Bowman capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

Ascent of the kidneys occur approximately _______. Initially form near the ______ of the embryo

Answer 22

week 6-9

caudal end

Question 23

Vascular buds grow toward the _____ and growth in length causes the kidneys to ______. Kidneys do not ______ their blood supply with them as they ascend. They send out new and more ____ branches while inducing the regression of the ____ branches

Answer 23

common iliac arteries
"ascend"
Drag
cranial 
caudal

Question 24

Clinical malformations related to Ascent of the kidneys

Answer 24

1. Pelvic kidney (ectopic localization of the kidney, stuck in pelvic region)
2. Horseshoe kidney (IMA blocking ascent, inferior poles fuse)
3. Supernumerary arteries

Question 25

Cloaca in hindgut becomes divided by _______ into… _______ and _______

Answer 25

Urorectal septum

Ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal

Question 26

______ and the attached ________ become incorporated into the posterior aspect of the bladder

Answer 26

Distal portions of mesonephric ducts

ureteric ducts

Question 27

Whole urethra and part of vagina arise from ______ of the Urogenital sinus in females

Answer 27

Pelvic part

Question 28

Prostatic & membranous parts of the urethra arise from ______ of the UGS while the the spongy urethra comes from ______ in males

Answer 28

Pelvic part of UGS

Phallic part

Question 29

3 Urachial abnormalities if the urachus should fail to obliterate completely to become the median umbilical ligament.

Answer 29

1. Urachal cyst (infected easily)
2. urachal sinus (ligament is half sinus, half urachus)
3. Urachal fistula (uniform tube from bladder to umbilicus)

Question 30

What causes the exstrophy of the urinary bladder?

Answer 30

failure of anterior abdominal wall to close.