Urbanisation

Question 1

What is Urbanisation?

Answer 1

Urbanisation is the process in which people move from rural, underdeveloped areas to urban, developed areas.

Question 2

What are push factors for urbanisation?

Answer 2

Push factors include overpopulation, war, high crime rates, lack of education, rural poverty, and high likelihood of natural disasters.

Question 3

What are pull factors for urbanisation?

Answer 3

Pull factors include employment opportunities, better education, medical facilities, entertainment, and a family-friendly environment.

Question 4

What is a megacity?

Answer 4

A megacity has a population over 10 million.

Question 5

Examples of mega cities

Answer 5

Examples include Shanghai, Tokyo, Delhi, and Beijing.

Question 6

What are positive social impacts of urbanisation?

Answer 6

• Cultural diversity
• better access to services (water, healthcare)
• more entertainment
• sporting
• cultural events.

Question 7

What are negative social impacts of urbanisation?

Answer 7

• Overcrowding
• high crime rates
• traffic congestion.

Question 8

What are the Positive and negative economic impacts of urbanisation?

Answer 8

Postive:
- More job opportunities
- Increased tax revenue
- Access to infrastructure/ services eg. transport

Negative:
- higher cost of living
- housing shortages
- loss of local businesses.

Question 9

What are the Positive and negative environmental impacts of urbanisation?

Answer 9

Positive impacts:
- renewable energy
- decreased air pollution

Negative impacts:
- pollution,
- deforestation
- habitat loss
- Animal extinction

Question 10

Why do Australians live near the coast?

Answer 10

Coastal areas offer better rainfall, suitable agriculture, transportation via rivers, and more job and education opportunities.

Question 11

What is internal migration?

Answer 11

Internal migration is the movement of people within a country, typically from rural to urban areas.

Question 12

What is international migration?

Answer 12

International migration involves people moving across countries, often for reasons like conflict, lower cost of living, or better opportunities.

Question 13

What cities do most Australians live in?

Answer 13

Most Australians live near the coast of Australia in the cities Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth.

Question 14

What is Voluntary Migration?

Answer 14

People choosing to move.

Question 15

What is Involuntary Migration?

Answer 15

Are forced to move to flee violence, poverty, famine or war

Question 16

Where were the original settlements of Australia established, and how has this influenced current urbanisation?

Answer 16

The original settlements of Australia were established in coastal areas, near fresh sources of water and deep harbours. Eventually these settlements expanded into large urban cities. Now Australia is one of the most urbanised countries with 9 out of 10 Australians living in urban places.