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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes and abducts hand and wrist

Blood supply: radial artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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2
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:

  • humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: ulnar nerve

Action: flexes and adducts at the wrist

Blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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3
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: medial and anterior surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: palmar base of distal phalanges of medial four digits

Innervation:

  • medial: ulnar nerve
  • lateral: median nerve

Action: flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits, assists with flexion of hand at wrist

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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4
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin:

  • Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus head and voracious process of ulna
  • radial head: superior half of anterior radius

Insertion: bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes middle and proximal phalanges of medial four digits, flexes hand at wrist

Blood supply: ulnar and radial arteries

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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5
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes phalanges of thumb

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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6
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

Blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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7
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: distal fourth of anterior ulna

Insertion: distal fourth of anterior radius

Innervation: median nerve

Action: pronates forearm

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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8
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and Coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: midway along lateral surface of radius

Innervation: median nerve

Action: pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion

Blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent artery

Muscle group: anterior forearm

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9
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon and posterior proximal ulna

Innervation: radial nerve C5-T1

Action: assists triceps in extending elbow, abducts ulna in pronation

Blood supply: deep brachial artery

Muscle group: arm

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10
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin:

  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C6

Action: flexes and supine forearm at elbow

Blood supply: muscular branches of brachial artery

Muscle group: arm

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11
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve (C7)

Action: flexes forearm at elbow

Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, muscular branches of brachial artery

Muscle group: arm

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12
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: middle third of medial surface of humerus

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Action: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

Blood supply: muscular branches of brachial artery

Muscle group: arm

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13
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin:

  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • lateral head: upper half of posterior humerus
  • medial head: distal 2/3 of medial and posterior humerus

Insertion: posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: extends forearm at elbow, long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder

Blood supply: branch of profunda brachii artery

Muscle group: arm

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14
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: pisiform bone and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: abducts little finger

Blood supply: deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

Muscle group: hand

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15
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: abducts thumb

Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery

Muscle group: hand

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16
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Origin:

  • oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate and adjacent bones
  • transverse head: anterior surface of 3 metacarpal

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: adducts thumb

Blood supply: deep palmar arch

Muscle group: hand

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17
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles

A

Origin: adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones

Insertion: base of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of digits 2-4

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: abducts digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit), flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints

Blood supply: deep palmar branch

Muscle group: hand

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18
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Blood supply: deep branch of ulnar artery

Muscle group: hand

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19
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of thumb

Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery

Muscle group: hand

20
Q

Lumbrical 1st and 2nd

A

Origin: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 and 3

Innervation: digital branches of median nerve

Action: extends digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: superficial and deep palmar branches

Muscle group: hand

21
Q

Lumbrical 3rd and 4th

A

Origin: medial three tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 4 and 5

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: superficial and deep palmar arches

Muscle group: hand

22
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone

Insertion: palmar surface of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorlg and rotates it to face thumb

Blood supply: deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

Muscle group: hand

23
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: draws 1st metacarpal forward and rotates medially

Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery

Muscle group: hand

24
Q

Palmar interosseous muscles

A

Origin: sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

Insertion: bases of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, 5

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: adducts digits toward axial line of hand (3rd digit), flexes digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extends interphalangeal joints

Blood supply: deep palmar arch

Muscle group: hand

25
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

Origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: skin of medial border of palm

Innervation: superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve

Action: deepens hollow of hands, assists grip

Blood supply: superficial palmar arch

Muscle group: hand

26
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: sterna half of clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Insertion: lateral lip of Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Action: flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm medially

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery

Muscle group: pectoral region/axilla

27
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: anterior surface of upper margin of ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: medial pectoral nerve

Action: lower lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial and intercostal lateral thoracic arteries

Muscle group: pectoral region/axilla

28
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

29
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: lateral side of distal end of radius

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: weak flexion when forearm is midpronated

Blood supply: radial recurrent artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

30
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and slips to 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve (deep branch)

Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: radial artery, radial recurrent artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

31
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: distal third of lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: radial artery, radial recurrent artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

32
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

Insertion: dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: extends and adducts hand at wrist

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

33
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: extensor expansion of medial four digits

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: extends medial four digits, assists in wrist extension

Blood supply: posterior interosseous

Muscle group: posterior forearm

34
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

35
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

36
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna

Insertion: lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Innervation: radial nerve (deep branch)

Action: supinate forearm

Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

37
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: lateral third of anterior clavicle, lateral acromion

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Action:

  • clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm
  • acromial part: abducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees done by supraspinatus
  • spinal part: extends and laterally rotates arm

Blood supply: posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

Muscle group: shoulder

38
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Action: lateral rotation of arm with teres minor

Blood supply: suprascapular artery

Muscle group: shoulder

39
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin: lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs

Insertion: costal surface of medial border of scapula

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

Action: protracts and rotates scapula and holds it against thoracic wall

Blood supply: lateral thoracic artery

Muscle group: shoulder

40
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin: upper border of 1st rib and its cartilage

Insertion: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Innervation: nerve to subclavius

Action: anchors and depresses clavicle

Blood supply: clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery

Muscle group: shoulder

41
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerve

Action: medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it, help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Blood supply: subscapular artery, lateral thoracic artery

Muscle group: shoulder

42
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Action: initiated arm abduction, acts with rotator cuff muscles

Blood supply: suprascapular artery

Muscle group: shoulder

43
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: posterior surface of interior angle of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

Action: adducts and medially rotates arm

Blood supply: circumflex scapular artery

Muscle group: shoulder

44
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Action: laterally rotates arm

Blood supply: circumflex scapular artery

Muscle group: shoulder

45
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Origin: posterior surface of middle third of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous)

Action: extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

Muscle group: posterior forearm

Anatomy (3 decks)

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