Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology of the Spine > Upper Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Upper Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebrae are the smallest and most mobile?

A

cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine?

A

vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What vertebrae holds the neck/head up?

A

C1 - Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

A

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the typical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

A

C3-C6

- have near identical features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary function of the atlas (C1)?

A

holds up the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 4 features does the Atlas (C1) NOT have?

A

1) Body
2) Pedicle
3) Lamina
4) Spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arthrokinematics of AO joint?

A

convex (occipital) moving on concave (C1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The superior articular facet of the atlas (C1) articulates with what?

A

superior articular facet of C1 (concave) articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull (convex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The inferior articular facets of the atlas articulate with what?

A

the superior facets of C2 (axis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cervical vertebrae has the largest transverse process in the cervical region?

A

atlas (C1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the key attachment point for several small neck muscles to control fine movements?

A

transverse process of the atlas (C1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of the atlas (C1) and where do they go?

A

a) rectus capitis anterior - occipital bone
b) rectus capitis lateralis - occipital bone
c) obliquus capitis superior - occipital bone
d) obliquus capitis inferior - spinous process of axis (C2)
e) splenius cervicis - spinous processes of T02-T05
f) levator scapulae - superior part of medial border of the scapula
g) intertransversarius posterior cervicis - transverse process of the axis (posterior tubercule)
h) intertransversarius anterior cervicis - transverse process of the axis (anterior turbercle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The superior articular facets of the axis (C2) are convex or concave?

A

slightly convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The superior articular facets of the axis (C2) are oriented how much (in degrees) from the horizontal plate?

A

20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The superior articular facets of the axis (C2) articulate with what?

A

inferior facets of the atlas (C1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary movement of the AO joint?

A

flexion/extension (nodding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How much ROM do you get at the AO joint for each:

a) flexion
b) extension
c) axial rotation
d) lateral flexion

A

a) +/- 5 degrees
b) +/- 10
c) 0-5
d) +/- 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why does the AO joint have very little axial rotation?

A

because of the bony constructure of the lateral masses on the vertebrae

20
Q

Arthrokinematics of the AA joint?

A

concave (atlas) on convex (axis)

21
Q

Primary motion of the AA joint?

A

rotation

22
Q

What is the vertical axis of the rotation for the AA joint?

A

dens of C2 allows for rotation on the pivot point located on C1

23
Q

How much ROM do you get at the AA joint for each:

a) flexion
b) extension
c) axial rotation
d) lateral flexion

A

a) +/- 5 degrees
b) +/- 10
c) 35-40 degrees
d) 0-5

24
Q

50% of ROM we see in the cervical spine comes from what?

A

AA joint

25
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical flexion at AO joint?

A
  • convex on concave

- occipital condyles: anterior roll, posterior slide

26
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical flexion at AA joint?

A
  • flat to slightly concave

- Atlas tilts forward

27
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical extension at AO joint?

A
  • roll posterior

- slide anterior

28
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical extension at AA joint?

A
  • atlas tilts backward
29
Q

Why is the AA joint ideal for axial rotation?

A

because of the medial joint and the 20 degree angle of lateral facets

30
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical lateral flexion at the AO joint?

A
  • small amount of roll
  • convex on concave
  • slide in opposite direction of the roll
31
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical lateral flexion at the AA joint?

A
  • spinal coupling

- frontal and horizontal planes

32
Q

What is spinal coupling?

A
  • One motion around one plane is associated with another motion around a different plane
  • rotating with cervical spine to the right occurs with side bending to the left (vice versa)
  • lateral flexion is coupled with contralateral rotation
  • rotation is coupled with contralateral lateral flexion
33
Q

Spinal coupling occurs between what two motions?

A

occurs between lateral flexion and axial rotation

34
Q

Nodding action is greatest at what joint?

A

AO joint

35
Q

50% of axial rotation occurring at the cervical spine happens at what joint?

A

AA joint

36
Q

What 2 muscles are known as the “dynamic” anterior longitudinal ligament and are necessary for vertical stability?

A
  • longus capitis

- longus colli

37
Q

What group of muscles are responsible for fine control over the AO and AA joints?

A

suboccipital muscles

38
Q

Attachments of the alar ligament?

A
  • lateral side of the apex of the dens

- medial side of the occipital condyles

39
Q

Function of the alar ligament?

A

Limits contralateral head rotation and contralateral lateral flexion

40
Q

Attachments of the transverse ligament?

A

atlas to axis

41
Q

Function of the transverse ligament?

A

holds DENS in place on posterior side of the dens

42
Q

What is known as the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

tectorial membrane

43
Q

Attachments of tectorial membrane?

A

body of C2 to occipital bone

44
Q

Function of tectorial membrane?

A

limits flexion of upper cervical spine and provides multidirectional stability

45
Q

The tectorial membrane covers what two ligaments?

A

the cruciate and alar ligaments

46
Q

Injury to suboccipital muscles causes what?

A

WAD - fat develops within the muscles

Kinesiology of the Spine (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions