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Chemistry > Unit 7: Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 7: Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of carbon compounds

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2
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

The chemistry of living organisms

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Molecules that only contain hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

Average crude oil composition:

A

84% carbon
14% hydrogen
1-3% sulphur
<1% nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and salts

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5
Q

What are the six products produced from distillation of crude oil?

A 
Natural gas
Gasoline
Kerosene, jet fuel
Diesel fuel, heating oil
Lubricating oil
Asphalt, tar
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6
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different chemical structures.

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7
Q

In naming compounds, what is the substituent?

A

is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon

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8
Q

What is a saturated carbon?

A

Contains the maximum number of hydrogens

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9
Q

What is an unsaturated carbon?

A

Contains fewer hydrogens than maximum

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10
Q

What is a carbon chain with a double bond called?

A

Alkene

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11
Q

What is a carbon chain with a trible bond called?

A

Alkyne

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12
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

When the pi bond breaks to add spaces for other chemicals to enter chain.

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13
Q

What is an addition polymer?

A

When an addition reaction occurs

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14
Q

What is a functional group?

A

an atom or group of atoms WITHIN a molecule that has a CHARACTERISTIC chemical behavior and that undergoes the SAME KINDS of reactions in every molecule where it occurs.

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15
Q

What is a phenol?

A

Contains an OH group which is bonded to a benzene ring

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16
Q

What is an ether?

A

Derivatives of water in which both hydrogens are replaced by organic substituents

17
Q

What is a carbonyl group?

A

Has a carbon-oxygen double bond with two groups of atoms attached to the carbon atom at an angle of 120degrees

18
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

Formed by the oxidation of alcohols. The IUPAC name replaces the e with an al. (eg. Methane -> Methanal)

19
Q

What is formaldehyde?

A
  • The simplest aldehyde
  • colorless and pungent odor
  • germicide and to preserve biological specimens
20
Q

What is a ketone?

A

??

21
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

Where the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl (OH) group

22
Q

What is an ester?

A

When the hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl or other organic group

23
Q

What is an amine?

A

A derivative of ammonia in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by an organic substituent

24
Q

What is an amide?

A

Derivatives of carboxylic acids

Chemistry (3 decks)

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