Unit 5

Question 1

What size are viruses

Answer 1

Smaller than bacteria
measured in nanometers

Question 2

Capsid

Answer 2

a protein coat surrounding the Euclid acid core
attached to the outer layer
smaller units are called capsomeres

Question 3

envelope

Answer 3

some viruses have these
the outer most layer
lipid bilayer sounding the capsids
viruses without these are called naked

Question 4

virion

Answer 4

a completely assembled virus

Question 5

spiked

Answer 5

glycoproteins
project from the outer later and attach the virions to receptors on the host cells
either hemoglutinin or neurominadase

Question 6

protyolitic enzymes

Answer 6

breaks down capsid to release genetic material

Question 7

multiplication of animal viruses

Answer 7

1. attachment
2. entry
3. uncoating
4. synthesis
5. maturation
6. release
7. shedding
8. transmission

Question 8

attachment

Answer 8

spiked to receptor host cell

Question 9

entry

Answer 9

fission - fusing of membranes to naked virus
endocytosis - meshed into the host cell

Question 10

uncoating

Answer 10

breaks down capsid and releases genetic material

Question 11

synthesis

Answer 11

replication transcription translation

Question 12

maturation

Answer 12

virions are assembled

Question 13

release

Answer 13

released to neighboring cells

Question 14

How to detect viruses

Answer 14

1. PCR techniques
2. cell culture looking for CPE
3. antigen detection with florescent antibodies
4. EM
5. detect antibodies to viruses

Question 15

Prions

Answer 15

rouge proteins
9 animal diseases neurological
all fatal
pathogenesis: changes structures of normal proteins

Question 16

viroids

Answer 16

single circular piece of RNA
does not code
causes plant diseases
for humans Hep D
interferes with translation

Question 17

Acute

Answer 17

disease develops rabidly with many symptoms

Question 18

chronic

Answer 18

long term continuous shedding of virus

Question 19

latent

Answer 19

cannot be detected

Question 20

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 20

are genes that can help cells replicate.

Question 21

Oncogenes

Answer 21

are gens that have the capability to change the cell into a tumor cell.

Question 22

Tumor

Answer 22

suppression genes are genes that encode for proteins that regulate cell division.

Question 23

Oncoviruses

Answer 23

are viruses that can cause cancer.