Unit/4

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Durable change in behavior/knowledge due to experience

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

Human/animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 3

Dog and bell

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

Learning to associate 2 stimuli to anticipate events

Question 5

Neutral stimulus

Answer 5

No response before conditioning

Question 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Naturally triggers response

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

Natural response to stimulus

Question 8

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

What NS becomes after associated with US

Question 9

Conditioned response

Answer 9

Same as unconditioned response

Question 10

Acquisition

Answer 10

When neutral stimulus is associated with conditioned stimulus

Question 11

Higher order conditioning

Answer 11

Connecting new stimulus to conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

Diminishing of CR

Question 13

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

Reappearance of CR after extinguished period

Question 14

Generalization

Answer 14

Stimulus similar to CS gets similar response

Question 15

Discrimination

Answer 15

ability to distinguish between CS and other stimuli

Question 16

Watson “little Albert”

Answer 16

Tested on child to fear rat with loud sound
Child become afraid of anything white

Question 17

Operant conditioning

Answer 17

Associating a response and its consequence

Question 18

Edward thorndikes law of effect

Answer 18

Rewarded behavior tends to reoccur

Question 19

B.F skinner

Answer 19

Revealed principles of behavior and control

Question 20

Shaping

Answer 20

Reinforcers guide behavior

Question 21

Reinforcing

Answer 21

Strengthens behavior it follows

Question 22

Positive reinforcement

Answer 22

Adding something to make person repeat

Question 23

Negative reinforcement

Answer 23

Avoiding something you don’t want

Question 24

Punishing stimulus

Answer 24

Weakens behavior

Question 25

Positive punishment

Answer 25

Adding bad stimulus to get rid of behavior

Question 26

Negative punishment

Answer 26

Taking away good stimulus to decrease bad behavior

Question 27

Over justification

Answer 27

Promising reward for doing what one already likes to do

Question 28

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 28

How often organism is reinforced

Question 29

Fixed ratio

Answer 29

Reinforces behavior after set # of responses

Question 30

Fixed interval

Answer 30

Response after specific time has passed

Question 31

Variable ratio

Answer 31

Reinforced after unpredictable # of response

Question 32

Variable interval

Answer 32

Response not knowing when reinforcement will occur

Question 33

Observational learning

Answer 33

Learning by observing orbers

Question 34

Mirror neurons

Answer 34

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when perform action/observe

Question 35

Cognition in conditioning

Answer 35

Learning new behaviors by observing events, others, and language

Question 36

Latent learning

Answer 36

Learning isn’t apparent until event ovcurs

Question 37

Insight learning

Answer 37

Sudden realization of a problems solution

Question 38

Premack principle

Answer 38

Person will perform less desirable activity to get desired one

Question 39

Martin seligman

Answer 39

Theory of learned helplessness

Question 40

Learned helplessness

Answer 40

Inability to avoid aversive event

Question 41

Taste aversion

Answer 41

Don’t crave taste that got u sick in the past